Effects of Rapid Cooling on Properties of Aluminum-Steel Friction Stir Welded Joint

Derazkola, Hamed Aghajani; García, Eduardo; Eyvazian, Arameh; Aberoumand, Mohammad

doi:10.3390/ma14040908

Cited by 41 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Due to obtained results, with increasing TPD (heat input in SZ), the strain rate increased [ 60 ]. With increasing contact area between the FSW tool’s pin and flange at higher TPD, the flange side has a higher strain rate [ 61 , 62 , 63 ]. With increasing TPD, the more softening phenomena that occur.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of FSW Tool Plunge Depth on Properties of an Al-Mg-Si Alloy T-Joint: Thermomechanical Modeling and Experimental Evaluation

et al. 2021

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One of the main challenging issues in friction stir welding (FSW) of stiffened structures is maximizing skin and flange mixing. Among the various parameters in FSW that can affect the quality of mixing between skin and flange is tool plunge depth (TPD). In this research, the effects of TPD during FSW of an Al-Mg-Si alloy T-joint are investigated. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method can help understand TPD effects on FSW of the T-joint structure. For this reason, the CFD method is employed in the simulation of heat generation, heat distribution, material flow, and defect formation during welding processes at various TPD. CFD is a powerful method that can simulate phenomena during the mixing of flange and skin that are hard to assess experimentally. For the evaluation of FSW joints, macrostructure visualization is carried out. Simulation results showed that at higher TPD, more frictional heat is generated and causes the formation of a bigger stir zone. The temperature distribution is antisymmetric to the welding line, and the concentration of heat on the advancing side (AS) is more than the retreating side (RS). Simulation results from viscosity changes and material velocity study on the stir zone indicated that the possibility of the formation of a tunnel defect on the skin–flange interface at the RS is very high. Material flow and defect formation are very sensitive to TPD. Low TPD creates internal defects with incomplete mixing of skin and flange, and high TPD forms surface flash. Higher TPD increases frictional heat and axial force that diminish the mixing of skin and flange in this joint. The optimum TPD was selected due to the best materials flow and final mechanical properties of joints.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of FSW Tool Plunge Depth on Properties of an Al-Mg-Si Alloy T-Joint: Thermomechanical Modeling and Experimental Evaluation

et al. 2021

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“…Also, depletion of chromium in adjacent zones through the consumption of secondary phase precipitations reduces corrosion resistance, particularly at high temperatures. Consuming alloying elements of base metals in area adjacent to the bonding zone reduces the alloying elements, leading to reinforcement with a solid solution and carbide deposition (such as tungsten, molybdenum, and chromium) [44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58]. Consequently, it is essential to apply post-bond heat treatment to remove secondary phase compounds in the diffusion-affected zones.…”

Section: Zonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase Formation during Heating of Amorphous Nickel-Based BNi-3 for Joining of Dissimilar Cobalt-Based Superalloys

et al. 2021

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Phase transformations and the melting range of the interlayer BNi-3 were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, which showed three stages of crystallization during heating. There were three exothermic peaks that indicated crystallization in the solid state. The cobalt-based X-45 and FSX-414 superalloys were bonded with interlayer BNi-3 at a constant holding time of 10 min with bonding temperatures of 1010, 1050, 1100, and 1150 °C using a vacuum diffusion brazing process. Examination of microstructural changes in the base metals with light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy coupled with X-ray spectroscopy based on the energy distribution showed that increasing temperature caused a solidification mode, such that the bonding centerline at 1010 °C/10 min included a γ-solid solution, Ni3B, Ni6Si2B, and Ni3Si. The athermally solidified zone of the transient liquid phase (TLP)-bonded sample at 1050 °C/10 min involved a γ-solid solution, Ni3B, CrB, Ni6Si2B, and Ni3Si. Finally, isothermal solidification was completed within 10 min at 1150 °C. The diffusion-affected zones on both sides had three distinct zones: a coarse block precipitation zone, a fine and needle-like mixed-precipitation zone, and a needle-like precipitation zone. By increasing the bonding temperature, the diffusion-affected zone became wider and led to dissolution.

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“…FSW as a solid-state process has many benefits over conventional and high-power welding techniques. With this welding process, mostly non-weldable alloys will be weldable [ 5 ]. This technique provides a convenient solution for welding such alloys and improves joining processes in various environments [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Underwater Friction Stir Welding Heat Generation on Residual Stress of AA6068-T6 Aluminum Alloy

et al. 2022

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This article aims to study water-cooling effects on residual stress friction stir welding (FSW) of AA6068-T6 aluminum alloy. For this reason, the FSW and submerged FSW processes are simulated by computational fluid dynamic (CFD) method to study heat generation. The increment hole drilling technique was used to measure the residual stress of welded samples. The simulation results show that materials softening during the FSW process are more than submerged. This phenomenon caused the residual stress of the joint line in the submerged case to be lower than in the regular FSW joint. On the other hand, the results revealed that the maximum residual stresses in both cases are below the yielding strength of the AA6068-T6 aluminum alloy. The results indicated that the residual stress along the longitudinal direction of the joint line is much larger than the transverse direction in both samples.

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Effects of Rapid Cooling on Properties of Aluminum-Steel Friction Stir Welded Joint

Cited by 41 publications

References 59 publications

Effects of FSW Tool Plunge Depth on Properties of an Al-Mg-Si Alloy T-Joint: Thermomechanical Modeling and Experimental Evaluation

Effects of FSW Tool Plunge Depth on Properties of an Al-Mg-Si Alloy T-Joint: Thermomechanical Modeling and Experimental Evaluation

Phase Formation during Heating of Amorphous Nickel-Based BNi-3 for Joining of Dissimilar Cobalt-Based Superalloys

Effects of Underwater Friction Stir Welding Heat Generation on Residual Stress of AA6068-T6 Aluminum Alloy

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