Effects of Ramadan on food intake, glucose homeostasis, lipid profiles and body composition composition

Nachvak, Seyed Mostafa; Pasdar, Yahya; Pirsaheb, Sondos; Darbandi, Mitra; Niazi, Parisa; Speakman, John R.

doi:10.1038/s41430-018-0189-8

Cited by 43 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In addition, they consume plenty of dairy products such as whole milk, yoghurt, and cheese. In contrast, a recent study with 160 healthy men revealed that food intake decreased with the exception of carbohydrates [47]. The finding regarding increased consumption of carbohydrate-rich foods during Ramadan is consistent with the findings of other studies [48].…”

Section: Rf -The Role Of Diet and Nutritionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Ramadan 2020 and Beyond in the Midst of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenges and Scientific Evidence For Action

et al. 2020

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Background: Ramadan is a sacred month in Islam, which involves 29–30 days of dawn-till-dusk dry-fasting. Millions of Muslims observed Ramadan fasting (RF) this year in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. Certain ethnic groups worldwide, including Muslims, have been disproportionately affected by COVID-19, raising fears that fasting could bring additional health risks. This directly impacted on the current challenges faced by health professionals. The COVID-19 virus is expected to become seasonal. Therefore, the evidence presented in this review is valid beyond Ramadan as intermittent fasting is practiced more widely, irrespective of religion, throughout the year as a therapeutic and prophylactic means for several conditions. Methods: A wide range of literature databases were searched for the effects of RF and intermittent fasting on human health and then linked to COVID-19 impact to generate the evidence. Results: This review presents a body of evidence proving RF is safe and beneficial for healthy people who adopt a balanced diet, drink plenty of fluids, and engage in regular physical activity. Fasting reduces levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6), which are associated with severe COVID-19. Furthermore, increased handwashing and hygiene during Ramadan may reduce infection risks. For some, social isolation, physical inactivity, reduced access to food and stress – linked to the pandemic – may minimize the benefits that is achieved during a “normal” Ramadan. Conclusions: RF during the COVID-19 pandemic is not a cause of concern for healthy people. However, people who are ill are exempt from fasting and should seek medical advice if they wish to fast. RF during the COVID-19 pandemic is a unique experience and future research will reveal its impact on human health. Key words: COVID-19; Ramadan; fasting; health; mental; exercise; isolation; lockdown; diabetes; biomarkers

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Section: Rf -The Role Of Diet and Nutritionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Ramadan 2020 and Beyond in the Midst of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenges and Scientific Evidence For Action

et al. 2020

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“…Evaluation of food intake elucidated that the consumption of different food groups, except carbohydrates, decreased during Ramadan. The results from this study are consistent with our findings, but lipid profile was incompatible(22).…”

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confidence: 92%

The Impact of Fasting in Ramadan on Metabolic and Anthropometric Indices in Trained Type ΙΙ Diabetic Patients: A Prospective Observational Study

Yazdanyar

Sohrab

Ramezani

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Fasting has certain effects on metabolic and anthropometric parameters in diabetic patients. It is, therefore, necessary for patients to receive proper education related to their physical activities, eating habits, blood glucose monitoring, and medications. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Ramadan fasting on metabolic and anthropometric indices in type ΙΙ diabetic patients.Methods: This prospective observational study was performed during Ramadan 2018. The study population consisted of diabetic patients who desired to fast and received information on physical activity, eating habits, blood glucose monitoring, and taking their medications before Ramadan. Fasting blood sugar (FBS), blood sugar 2-hour postprandial (BS2hpp), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C), and the lipids profile were assessed before and after Ramadan month. FBS and BS2hpp were also evaluated on the fifteenth day of Ramadan. The significance level for data analysis was considered p<0.05.Results: Out of 40 diabetic cases who completed the study, 6 (15%) were male and 34 (75%) were female. The mean age of participants was 55.2 ± 9.3 years. The anthropometric variables, including weight, BMI, waist, and blood pressure, decreased significantly after Ramadan fasting (p<0.05). FBS decreased significantly (125.1 ± 27.4 vs 105.2 ± 21.4, p<0.0001) and serum triglyceride increased significantly (127.5 ± 45.5 vs 166.5±53.5 mg/dl, p<0.001) after fasting compared to pre-Ramadan measurement. Other variables remained unchanged.Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that type II diabetic patients who have controlled blood sugar and received information based on clinical guidelines about their lifestyle and medications can fast safely during the holy month of Ramadan.

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“…Identified articles were assessed against specific exclusion criteria to eliminate potential methodological and quality issues: (1) studies that exclusively involved fasting children and adolescents <18 years of age; (2) studies that included patients with different diseases or conditions (including diabetes) who observed RDIF; (3) studies on the impact of RDIF on Muslim athletes that observed Ramadan fasting; (4) studies with no available full-text, even after contacting the authors; (5) studies that expressed changes in the MetS components using bar graphs and curves without reporting exact numerical values; (6) studies involving pregnant or lactating women who observed Ramadan fasting; (7) studies that reported post-Ramadan measurement after one or more months, as evidence suggests RDIF-induced biochemical variables disappear/return to pre-fasting levels after 1 month of Ramadan month cessation (18)(19)(20) ; (8) case reports, abstracts, review articles, editorials and non-English-language articles and (9) unpublished, non-peer-reviewed data. Articles that met any of these criteria were excluded from the present analysis ( Fig.…”

Section: Exclusion Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Ramadan diurnal intermittent fasting on the metabolic syndrome components in healthy, non-athletic Muslim people aged over 15 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2019

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Studies on the impact of Ramadan diurnal intermittent fasting (RDIF) on the metabolic syndrome (MetS) components among healthy Muslims observing Ramadan month have yielded contradictory results. This comprehensive meta-analysis aimed to obtain a more stable estimate of the effect size of fasting during Ramadan on the MetS components, examine variability among studies, assess the generalisability of reported results and perform subgroup analyses for associated factors. We searched the CINAHL, Cochrane, EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, ProQuest Medical, PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Web of Science databases for relevant studies published from 1950 to March 2019. The MetS components analysed were: waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), fasting plasma/serum glucose (FG), TAG, and HDL-cholesterol. We identified eighty-five studies (4326 participants in total) that were conducted in twenty-three countries between 1982 and 2019. RDIF-induced effect sizes for the MetS components were: small reductions in WC (no. of studies K = 24, N 1557, Hedges’ g = −0·312, 95 % CI −0·387, −0·236), SBP (K = 22, N 1172, Hedges’ g = −0·239, 95 % CI −0·372, −0·106), FG (K = 51, N 2318, Hedges’ g = −0·101, 95 % CI −0·260, 0·004) and TAG (K = 63, N 2862, Hedges’ g = −0·088, 95 % CI −0·171, −0·004) and a small increase in HDL-cholesterol (K = 57, N 2771, Hedges’ g = 0·150, 95 % CI 0·064, 0·236). We concluded that among healthy people, RDIF shows small improvement in the five MetS components: WC, SBP, TAG, FG and HDL.

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Effects of Ramadan on food intake, glucose homeostasis, lipid profiles and body composition composition

Abstract: Ramadan fasting may lead to both positive and negative health effects such as a decrease in FBS, weight, BFP, and increase in LDL and IR in healthy adults. However, these effects were all transitory.

Cited by 43 publications

References 23 publications

Ramadan 2020 and Beyond in the Midst of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenges and Scientific Evidence For Action

Ramadan 2020 and Beyond in the Midst of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenges and Scientific Evidence For Action

The Impact of Fasting in Ramadan on Metabolic and Anthropometric Indices in Trained Type ΙΙ Diabetic Patients: A Prospective Observational Study

Impact of Ramadan diurnal intermittent fasting on the metabolic syndrome components in healthy, non-athletic Muslim people aged over 15 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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