Effects of raloxifene on the urethra of adult castrated female rats

Santos, Adaniel Sousa dos; Lopes-Costa, Pedro Vitor; Borges, Carine Soares; Pires, Cleicilene Gomes; Sousa, José de; Castro, Janaína Cordeiro de Oliveira; Silva, B. B. da

doi:10.1080/13697130802354049

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…In one of these studies, urethral thickness and weight were measured 30 days after the exposure of Tamoxifen and a significant increase in both the mean thickness and the mean weight of urethra was observed compared with the control rats (p<0.001) [11]. In the second study, a significantly increased distal urethral epithelial thickness was observed in castrated female rats given raloxifene [12]. Also in the in vitro cell culture models it was shown that estrogen and SERMs may help reduction of urinary incontinence by different mechanisms, either increasing collagen production in the extracellular matrix or increasing the muscle bundles [13-14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Tamoxifen Use a Factor Affecting Continence in Breast Cancer Patients?

Imamoğlu¹,

Eren²,

Oğuz³

et al. 2019

Cureus

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Introduction: Tamoxifen treatment has been shown to reduce the recurrence and mortality rates in hormone receptor-positive breast cancers independent from chemotherapy. This benefit increases with the prolongation of the use of tamoxifen but with increasing side effects. In this study, we aim to evaluate the presence of urogenital symptoms in breast cancer patients on tamoxifen and compare them with those who are not on any hormonotherapy.Materials and methods: This study was performed on patients diagnosed as early-stage breast cancer. The study group consisted of hormone receptor-positive patients given tamoxifen as adjuvant hormonal therapy. The control group consisted of breast cancer patients who had no hormonotherapy. Patients with a complaint of urinary incontinence with onset after tamoxifen usage were evaluated with Urogenital Distress Inventory Short Form (UDI-6), Incontinence Impact Questionnaire Short Form (IIQ-7) and Incontinence Quality of Life Questionnaire (I-QOL).Results: A total of 137 early-stage breast cancer patients were included in this study; 74 estrogen receptor-positive patients on tamoxifen therapy (study group) and 63 hormone receptor-negative patients with no hormonotherapy (control group). The median age was 44 (30-65) years for tamoxifen users and 49 (27-64) years for the control group. The stages of the patients were similar for both groups. 78.4% of the women in the tamoxifen group and 49.2% in the control group were in the premenopausal period. The groups were similar in regard to body mass index and parity. The complaint of urinary incontinence was more frequent in the study group compared to controls (39 (52.7%) vs. 5 (7.9%)). Women with the complaint of urinary incontinence were evaluated with self-reported UDI-6, IIQ-7 and I-QOL forms and the scores were similar for both study and control groups. A statistically significant relation was observed between cigarette smoking and the presence of urinary incontinence. The percentages of smokers were 50% of those with incontinence and 24.7% of those without incontinence.Conclusion: Urinary incontinence is positively correlated with tamoxifen usage in early-stage breast cancer patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Tamoxifen Use a Factor Affecting Continence in Breast Cancer Patients?

Imamoğlu¹,

Eren²,

Oğuz³

et al. 2019

Cureus

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“…At the end of the study, it was observed that raloxifene increased the distal urethral epithelial thickness ( P < .05) but did not alter the weight of the urethra ( P = .371) and the proximal urethral epithelial thickness ( P = .187). [ 7 ] Thus, treatment with tamoxifen may increase the weight of the urethra and the thickness of the urethral epithelium, which may reduce incontinence. Similarly, treatment with raloxifene may also reduce incontinence by increasing the distal urethral epithelial thickness mechanism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of tamoxifen on urinary incontinence

Hasanov

Kuria

et al. 2017

Medicine

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Rationale:Tamoxifen has been used in women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer and has been shown to successfully reduce both recurrence and mortality. On the contrary, long-term use of tamoxifen has hormone-related urogenital side effects which decrease the quality of life of the patients.Patient concerns:In this case report, we present a breast cancer patient receiving tamoxifen who developed urinary incontinence; we discuss the effects of tamoxifen on urinary incontinence, which decreases quality of life of the patients who were evaluated in our clinic.Diagnoses:Breast cancer, urinary incontinence.Interventions:Temporarily discontinuing tamoxifen.Outcomes:Urinary incontinence resolved.Lessons:Based on the case we reported and literature, estrogen can cause a dose-dependent increase in incontinence, but more preclinical and clinical studies of both estrogen and SERMs are needed to support this notion; given the fact that some small-scale clinical studies have not proven a direct relationship between tamoxifen and urinary incontinence. We suggest that clinicians faced with the issue should temporarily stop usage of the drug once the complaint of urinary incontinence arises.

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“… 97 In ovariectomized rats, raloxifene (750 μg/d for 30 d) significantly increased distal urethral epithelial thickness compared with vehicle control, suggesting a potential beneficial effect of raloxifene for postmenopausal urinary incontinence. 98 Additional studies are necessary to fully elucidate the effects of raloxifene on the urinary tract. Tamoxifen improved impaired bladder capacity and compliance in an animal model of chronic inflammatory bladder disease, in which ER-β was significantly decreased in a diseased bladder compared with a control bladder.…”

Section: Urinary Tract Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ospemifene on the female reproductive and urinary tracts

et al. 2015

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ObjectiveTreatment of menopausal symptoms by compounds with tissue-selective estrogen agonist/antagonist effects, often called selective estrogen receptor modulators, has been researched as an alternative to the use of estrogen therapy. These structurally diverse molecules elicit tissue-dependent responses in hormone-responsive tissues and organs, exhibiting variations in estrogenic activity in preclinical models of postmenopausal reproductive tissues that may improve postmenopausal women’s health (eg, prevention and treatment of breast cancer, osteoporosis, and vulvar and vaginal atrophy).MethodsThis literature review investigates whether preclinical data predicted the clinical effects of ospemifene on female reproductive and urinary tract tissues and compares these findings with the specific vaginal effects of other estrogen receptor agonists/antagonists (tamoxifen, raloxifene, and bazedoxifene) in preclinical and clinical studies. Lasofoxifene, although not currently available, is included because of its unique effects on vaginal tissue.ResultsThe response of endometrial and vaginal tissues to estrogen receptor agonists/antagonists can be differentiated using transvaginal ultrasound, endometrial histopathology, cytologic examination of vaginal smears, assessment of physical changes in the vagina, and relief of symptoms associated with vulvar and vaginal atrophy (such as dyspareunia).ConclusionsAvailable evidence indicates that ospemifene has unique effects on tissue, leading to a favorable long-term profile for the relief of vulvar and vaginal atrophy compared with other estrogen receptor agonists/antagonists (eg, tamoxifen, raloxifene, and bazedoxifene) with no short-term concerns about endometrial safety (based on endometrial hyperplasia, carcinoma, endometrial spotting, and endometrial bleeding).

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Effects of raloxifene on the urethra of adult castrated female rats

Abstract: Raloxifene administered to castrated female rats for 30 days increased the distal urethral epithelial thickness and did not alter the weight of the urethra.

Cited by 4 publications

References 34 publications

Is Tamoxifen Use a Factor Affecting Continence in Breast Cancer Patients?

Is Tamoxifen Use a Factor Affecting Continence in Breast Cancer Patients?

Effects of tamoxifen on urinary incontinence

Effects of ospemifene on the female reproductive and urinary tracts

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