Effects of radiation on the incidence of prostate cancer among Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors

Kondo, Hisayoshi; Soda, Midori; Mine, Mariko; Yokota, Kenichi

doi:10.1111/cas.12234

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…Prostate cancer has a large genetic risk factor; risk factors shared with other cancers have not yet been identified . In addition, smoking, which is an important risk factor for many cancers, is reportedly associated with a decreased risk of prostate cancer . We have to also consider socioeconomic status (SES) such as educational attainment and income, which is correlated with cancer risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of multiple primary cancers and interval between first and second primary cancers

et al. 2014

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In this retrospective study, we aimed to clarify the risk of developing a second primary cancer and to determine the periods of high risk of second primary cancers. Subjects were all patients who had been diagnosed with a first primary cancer and registered with the Nagasaki Prefecture Cancer Registry between 1985 and 2007. We calculated the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of second primary cancer according to site and years after diagnosis of the first primary cancer. A second primary cancer developed in 14 167 of 174 477 subjects (8.1%) during a median follow-up of 1.8 years. The SIR of all cancer was 1.10 (95% confidence interval, 1.08–1.11). Some specific relationships were observed between sites with risk factors in common, such as smoking, drinking, and hormone status. The SIRs were relatively high after approximately 10 years for all sites, and trends differ among cancer sites. We showed that cancer patients are at higher risk of a second primary cancer than the general population. In respect of the risk of a second primary cancer, physicians should be alert for cancers that have risk factors in common with the first primary cancer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of multiple primary cancers and interval between first and second primary cancers

et al. 2014

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“…Because prostate cancer is generally less fatal than most major cancers, incidence rates are a better measure of risk than mortality rates, but the dormant nature of prostate cancer makes incidence studies more prone to screening bias. To our knowledge, a study by Kondo et al ( 10 ) of the Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors has been the only other radiation study that considered the possible effect of PSA tests in that the analysis excluded prostate cancer cases diagnosed by screening. That study found an increased incidence risk of prostate cancer for proximally compared with distally exposed survivors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, studies of nuclear workers have estimated the radiation-related excess relative risk (ERR) per Gy that ranged from below zero (–1.18) to 0.19 in studies of prostate cancer mortality and from below zero (–0.34) to 0.16 in studies of prostate cancer incidence, with none of these estimates being significantly different from zero ( 4–9 ) (; https://doi.org/10.1667/RADE-22-00089.1.S1). Kondo et al ( 10 ) have reported an increased risk of prostate cancer incidence among proximally exposed atomic bomb survivors in Nagasaki followed through 2009, but no dose response analysis was performed. Studies of cancer incidence and mortality data in the Life Span Study (LSS) cohort of Japanese atomic bomb survivors from Hiroshima and Nagasaki, with shorter follow-up, consistently suggested a modestly elevated risk of prostate cancer associated with radiation but without reaching the level of statistical significance ( 11, 12 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test on Radiation Risk Estimate for Prostate Cancer Incidence among Atomic-Bomb Survivors

et al. 2023

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Following our previous report on the radiation dose-response for prostate cancer incidence rates in the Life Span Study (LSS) cohort of atomic bomb survivors, we re-evaluated the radiation-related risk adjusting for differences in baseline cancer incidence rates among three subsets of the LSS cohort defined by the timing of their first participation in biennial health examinations offered to the Adult Health Study (AHS) sub-cohort members and prostate-specific-antigen (PSA) testing status for AHS participants: 1. non-AHS participants, 2. AHS participants before receiving PSA test, and 3. AHS participants after receiving PSA test. We found a 2.9-fold increase in the baseline incidence rates among AHS participants after receiving PSA test. After adjusting for the PSA-testing-status effects on the baseline rates the estimated excess relative risk (ERR) per Gy was 0.54 (95% CI: 0.15, 1.05), which was almost identical to the previously reported unadjusted ERR estimate (0.57, 95% CI: 0.21, 1.00). The current results confirmed that, while the PSA testing among AHS participants increased the baseline incidence rates, it did not impact the radiation risk estimate, strengthening the previously reported dose-response relationship for prostate cancer incidence in the LSS. As the use of PSA tests continue in screening and medical settings, analyses of possible effects of PSA testing should be an important aspect of future epidemiological studies of the association between radiation exposure and prostate cancer.

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“…We also observed an increased risk of prostate cancer (SIR = 1.92), one of the few solid cancers not associated with radiation exposure in most studies. 24,37,38 Nevertheless, in a recent study, Kondo et al 39 have shown a significant association between atomic bomb radiation and prostate cancer, stating their study was the first report revealing this association. Still, this remains a controversial issue, and we cannot exclude a possible relation to non-radiation causes, as previously hypothesised for stomach and lung cancer.…”

Section: Antunes Et Almentioning

confidence: 98%

Cancer incidence after childhood irradiation for tinea capitis in a Portuguese cohort

Antunes

Bento

Sobrinho-Simões

et al. 2019

The British Journal of Radiology

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Objectives: Our aim was to compare cancer incidence in a cohort exposed in childhood (1950–63) to a therapeutic dose of radiation in the North of Portugal and followed-up until the end of 2012, with the incidence rates for the same age and sex in the general population. Methods: A population-based North Region cancer registry (RORENO) was used to assess which members of the cohort developed cancer. The association between radiation exposure and overall and specific cancer sites was evaluated using standardised incidence ratios (SIR). Results: Over the full follow-up period, 3357 individuals of the 5356 original tinea capitis (TC) cohort (63%) were retrieved in the RORENO, and 399 new cancer cases were identified, representing an increased risk of 49% when compared with the general population (SIR = 1.49; 95% CI: 1.35–1.64). The risk was slightly higher in males than in females (SIR = 1.65; 95% CI: 1.43–1.89 vs SIR = 1.35; CI = 1.17–1.55). The risk was slightly higher in the individuals exposed to a higher radiation dose (SIR = 1.78; 95% CI: 1.22–2.51 for ≥630 R vs SIR = 1.46; 95% CI: 1.31–1.62 for 325–475 R). In females, there was an excess cancer risk in all cancers with the higher radiation dose (SIR = 2.00; 95% CI: 1.21–3.13 for ≥630 R vs SIR = 1.30; 95% CI: 1.11–1.51 for 325–475 R) which was not observed in males, and for combined dose categories significantly raised SIRs for thyroid and head and neck cancer, suggesting a possible higher radiosensitivity of females. An increased risk was also observed for some cancers located far from the irradiated area. Conclusions: The results suggest an association between radiation exposure and later increased cancer risk for cancers located near the radiation exposed area, mainly thyroid, and head and neck cancers. Further studies are necessary to disentangle possible non-radiation causes for distant cancers increased risk. Advances in knowledge: This paper shows a possible association between childhood X-ray epilation and increased risk of cancer which was not previously investigated in the Portuguese TC cohort.

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Effects of radiation on the incidence of prostate cancer among Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors

Cited by 6 publications

References 26 publications

Incidence of multiple primary cancers and interval between first and second primary cancers

Incidence of multiple primary cancers and interval between first and second primary cancers

The Effect of Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test on Radiation Risk Estimate for Prostate Cancer Incidence among Atomic-Bomb Survivors

Cancer incidence after childhood irradiation for tinea capitis in a Portuguese cohort

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