Effects of quinestrol and levonorgestrel on populations of plateau pikas, <i>Ochotona curzoniae</i>, in the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau

Liu, Ming; Qu, Jiapeng; Yang, Min; Wang, Zengli; Wang, Yanling; Zhang, Yanming; Zhang, Zhibin

doi:10.1002/ps.2302

Cited by 30 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In addition, levonorgestrel and quinestrol have been successfully used as contraceptives for rodents such as plateau pikas (Ochotona curzioniae) and Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) (e.g. Liu et al 2012;Fu et al 2013).…”

Section: Hormonal Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fertility control to mitigate human–wildlife conflicts: a review

2014

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Abstract. As human populations grow, conflicts with wildlife increase. Concurrently, concerns about the welfare, safety and environmental impacts of conventional lethal methods of wildlife management restrict the options available for conflict mitigation. In parallel, there is increasing interest in using fertility control to manage wildlife. The present review aimed at analysing trends in research on fertility control for wildlife, illustrating developments in fertility-control technologies and delivery methods of fertility-control agents, summarising the conclusions of empirical and theoretical studies of fertility control applied at the population level and offering criteria to guide decisions regarding the suitability of fertility control to mitigate human-wildlife conflicts. The review highlighted a growing interest in fertility control for wildlife, underpinned by increasing numbers of scientific studies. Most current practical applications of fertility control for wild mammals use injectable single-dose immunocontraceptive vaccines mainly aimed at sterilising females, although many of these vaccines are not yet commercially available. One oral avian contraceptive, nicarbazin, is commercially available in some countries. Potential new methods of remote contraceptive delivery include bacterial ghosts, virus-like particles and genetically modified transmissible and non-transmissible organisms, although none of these have yet progressed to field testing. In parallel, new species-specific delivery systems have been developed. The results of population-level studies of fertility control indicated that this approach may increase survival and affect social and spatial behaviour of treated animals, although the effects are species-and context-specific. The present studies suggested that a substantial initial effort is generally required to reduce population growth if fertility control is the sole wildlife management method. However, several empirical and field studies have demonstrated that fertility control, particularly of isolated populations, can be successfully used to limit population growth and reduce human-wildlife conflicts. In parallel, there is growing recognition of the possible synergy between fertility control and disease vaccination to optimise the maintenance of herd immunity in the management of wildlife diseases. The review provides a decision tree that can be used to determine whether fertility control should be employed to resolve specific human-wildlife conflicts. These criteria encompass public consultation, considerations about animal welfare and feasibility, evaluation of population responses, costs and sustainability.

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Section: Hormonal Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fertility control to mitigate human–wildlife conflicts: a review

2014

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“…Results in other small mammal species are equivocal (review by Tobin and Fall). Fertility control agents could be applied on a large scale, and they have been shown to slow population growth in small mammals . Side effects associated with some methods available are prohibitive for field use, and it is difficult to achieve long‐lasting effects via oral application …”

Section: Common Volesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common vole (Microtus arvalis) ecology and management: implications for risk assessment of plant protection products

et al. 2014

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Common voles (Microtus arvalis) are common small mammals in some European landscapes. They can be a major rodent pest in European agriculture and they are also a representative generic focal small herbivorous mammal species used in risk assessment for plant protection products. In this paper, common vole population dynamics, habitat and food preferences, pest potential and use of the common vole as a model small wild mammal species in the risk assessment process are reviewed. Common voles are a component of agroecosystems in many parts of Europe, inhabiting agricultural areas (secondary habitats) when the carrying capacity of primary grassland habitats is exceeded. Colonisation of secondary habitats occurs during multiannual outbreaks, when population sizes can exceed 1000 individuals ha(-1) . In such cases, in-crop common vole population control management has been practised to avoid significant crop damage. The species' status as a crop pest, high fecundity, resilience to disturbance and intermittent colonisation of crop habitats are important characteristics that should be reflected in risk assessment. Based on the information provided in the scientific literature, it seems justified to modify elements of the current risk assessment scheme for plant protection products, including the use of realistic food intake rates, reduced assessment factors or the use of alternativee focal rodent species in particular European regions. Some of these adjustments are already being applied in some EU member states. Therefore, it seems reasonable consistently to apply such pragmatic and realistic approaches in risk assessments for plant protection products across the EU.

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“…However, other species have generated different results. Our previous studies have shown that the administration of quinestrol in plateau pikas (Ochotona curzoniae) leads to male infertility for the entire breeding season (approximately 2 months), with sharp decreases in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 Male fertility recovery of estrogen treatment 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 serum testosterone level (Liu et al 2012a). In laboratory rats, administration of quinestrol had a much weaker effect, and serum testosterone did not significantly change 7 days after the estrogen treatment ended (Liu et al 2012b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mixture (coded as EP-1) has been shown to have anti-fertility effects on several wild rodent species, such as Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandti) (Zhang et al 2004;Zhao et al 2007), gray hamsters (Cricetulus migratorius) (Zhang et al 2004), midday gerbils (Meriones meridianus) (Zhang et al 2004), greater long-tailed hamsters (Tscherskia triton) (Zhang et al 2005(Zhang et al , 2006, Djungarian hamsters (Phodopus campbelli) (Wan et al 2006), Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) (Huo et al 2007) and field rats (Rattus nitidus) (Liu et al 2013). Under field conditions, EP-1, especially quinestrol, was found to significantly decrease the reproduction of plateau pikas (Ochotona curzoniae) (Liu et al 2012a) and Mongolian gerbils (Fu et al 2013). However, the duration of infertility in rodents after treatment with EP-1 has not been well studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of fertility in quinestrol‐treated or diethylstilbestrol‐treated mice: Implications for rodent management

Liu

Luo

Wang

et al. 2017

Integrative Zoology

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Fertility control is an alternative strategy to traditional culling for the management of rodent pests. Previous studies have demonstrated that quinestrol is a potential contraceptive for male rodents, but the recovery of fertility in quinestrol-treated rodents has not been evaluated. This study used C57BL/6J mice to evaluate the recovery rate of male fertility after the administration of quinestrol. Diethylstilbestrol (DES), a non-steroid estrogenic compound, was used for comparison. Different groups of mice were treated with 1 mg/kg quinestrol, 1 mg/kg DES, or castor oil separately for 7 days. These mice were then killed on days 8, 22 and 50 respectively. Our results indicated that the weight of epididymides and seminal vesicles decreased significantly on days 8 and 22 in quinestrol/DES-treated mice, with extensive histological changes in the seminiferous tubules. Sperm concentrations in the cauda epididymal fluid were significantly reduced on days 8 and 22 in both quinestrol and DES treatment groups and on day 50 for the DES, but not the quinestrol group. Further analysis revealed that DES-treated mice exhibited a higher proportion of abnormal sperm accumulation in the epididymis, indicating that the normal sperm transportation to the cauda epididymis was blocked. Our results indicate that the anti-fertility effects on male mice given quinestrol were of shorter duration than for those receiving DES at the dose of 1 mg/kg body weight.

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Effects of quinestrol and levonorgestrel on populations of plateau pikas, Ochotona curzoniae, in the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau

Cited by 30 publications

References 34 publications

Fertility control to mitigate human–wildlife conflicts: a review

Fertility control to mitigate human–wildlife conflicts: a review

Common vole (Microtus arvalis) ecology and management: implications for risk assessment of plant protection products

Recovery of fertility in quinestrol‐treated or diethylstilbestrol‐treated mice: Implications for rodent management

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