Effects of Push/Pull Perfusion and Ultrasonication on the Extraction Efficiencies of Phthalate Esters in Sports Drink Samples Using On-line Hollow-Fiber Liquid-Phase Microextraction

Abstract

In previous studies, we developed a process, on-line ultrasound-assisted push/pull perfusion hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction (UA-PPP-HF-LPME), combining the techniques of push/pull perfusion (PPP) and ultrasonication with hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME), to achieve rapid extraction of acidic phenols from water samples. In this present study, we further evaluated three more-advanced and novel effects of PPP and ultrasonication on the extraction efficiencies of neutral high-molecular-weight phthalate esters (HPAEs) in sports drinks. First, we found that inner-fiber fluid leakage occurs only in push-only perfusion-based and pull-only perfusion-based HF-LPME, but not in the PPP mode. Second, we identified a significant negative interaction between ultrasonication and temperature. Third, we found that the extraction time of the newly proposed system could be shortened by more than 93%. From an investigation of the factors affecting UA-PPP-HF-LPME, we established optimal extraction conditions and achieved acceptable on-line enrichment factors of 92-146 for HPAEs with a sampling time of just 2 min.

Ultrasound-assisted hollow fiber/ionic liquid-based liquid phase microextraction using an ionic liquid solvent for preconcentration of cobalt and nickel ions in urine samples prior to FAAS determination

“…Similar to the microdialysis sampling technique, operating in the ow-through mode, the ow rate of the extraction solvent through the HF was another factor that affected not only the EE of the proposed HF-LPME system but also the analysis time. 41 To examine the effect of the ow rate of [Hmim][PF 6 ] on its extraction ability, the ow rate was varied from 0.025 to 0.200 mL min À1 (data not shown). The EEs for the metal ions increased upon increasing the ow rate from 0.025 to 0.125 mL min À1 , but decreased thereaer.…”

Electromembrane Surrounded Solid Phase Microextraction Followed by Injection Port Derivatization and Gas Chromatography–Flame Ionization Detector Analysis for Determination of Acidic Herbicides in Plant Tissue

“…Thus, some sample preparation including sample cleanup, preconcentration of analytes of interest, and (in some cases) analytes derivatization is necessary prior to its analysis. Hollow fiber based extraction techniques which are known as green sample preparation methods could offer all of these purposes. − …”

Dispersive Micro-Solid-Phase Extraction Using Mesoporous Hybrid Materials for Simultaneous Determination of Semivolatile Compounds from Plant Tea by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Tandem Mass Spectrometry

“…Miniaturization has become an important issue in the development of sample preparation techniques, which can provide benefits not only to the environment but also to the economy. In recent years, a diversity of microextraction methods, including solid phase microextraction (SPME), , hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME), , single drop microextraction , (SDME), stir-bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), , dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME), , and gas purge microsyringe extraction (GP-MSE), have been developed for sample preparation. Very recently, a new mode of microextraction, which was termed dispersive micro-solid-phase extraction (D-μ-SPE), was developed for the analysis of organophosphate pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, triazines, ortho-phosphate ions, N -nitrosamines, and metal ions to improve the preconcentration of the analytes using only a few microliters of extractant.…”