Effects of Pulp Fiber and Epoxidized Tung Oil Content on the Properties of Biocomposites Based on Polylactic Acid

Nguyen, Van Khoi; Nguyen, Thanh Tung; Thi, Thu Ha Pham; Pham, Thu Trang

doi:10.3390/jcs4020056

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Moreover, using epoxy as a compatibilizer has been reported to enhance the compatibility of PLA and nylon blends [ 29 ]. EPOXY has been reported to improve the properties of PLA [ 30 , 31 , 32 ]. However, improvement in the properties of PLA/bamboo fibers by the addition of EPOXY to increase the interfacial adhesion between PLA and the fibers has not been investigated in detail.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bamboo Pulp Toughening Poly (Lactic Acid) Composite Using Reactive Epoxy Resin

Kiattipornpithak,

Rachtanapun,

Thanakkasaranee

et al. 2023

Polymers

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A novel poly (lactic acid) (PLA) composite with excellent mechanical properties, toughness, thermal stability, and water resistance was developed using a reactive melt-blending technique. PLA was melt mixed with epoxy resin (EPOXY) and bamboo pulp (PULP) to improve its reaction and mechanical properties. FTIR analysis confirmed the successful reaction of the PLA/EPOXY/PULP composites; the epoxy groups of EPOXY reacted with the –COOH groups of PLA and the –OH groups of PULP. The PLA/EPOXY/PULP5 composite showed a high tensile strength (67 MPa) and high toughness of 762 folding cycles, whereas the highest tensile strength was 77 MPa in the PLA/EPOXY5/PULP20 sample. SEM images presented a gap between the PLA and PULP; gap size decreased with the addition of EPOXY. The Tg of the PLA decreased with the EPOXY plasticizer effect, whereas the Tm did not significantly change. PULP induced crystallinity and increased Vicat softening of the PLA/PULP and PLA/EPOXY/PULP composites. The EPOXY reaction of the PLA/PULP composites improved their tensile properties, toughness, thermal stability, and water resistance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bamboo Pulp Toughening Poly (Lactic Acid) Composite Using Reactive Epoxy Resin

Kiattipornpithak,

Rachtanapun,

Thanakkasaranee

et al. 2023

Polymers

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“…Plasticization may also influence a variety of other properties, such as density, viscosity, resistance to biological degradation, hardness, resistance to fracture, and degree of crystallinity, among others [22]. Several families of compounds, including polyols (e.g., glycerol [23] and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) [24]), triacetin [25], citrate esters (e.g., triethyl citrate (TEC) [26] or acetyl tributyl citrate (ATC) [27]), and epoxidized vegetable oils [19,28], have been investigated as plasticizers in composite formulations. Sugar-based surfactants, e.g., sophorolipids, which are highly desirable given their green character, have also been tested with some pure biobased thermoplastic matrices, such as PLA, PHB and polycaprolactone (PCL) [29], but not in composites of these thermoplastics and cellulose fibers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the Processability and Performance of Micronized Fiber-Reinforced Green Composites through the Use of Biobased Additives

et al. 2022

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Green composites made of bioplastics reinforced with natural fibers have gained considerable attention over recent years. However, the use of natural fibers in composites usually compromise some key properties, such as the impact strength and the processability of the final materials. In the present study, two distinct additives, namely an epoxidized linseed oil (ELO) and a sugar-based surfactant, viz. GlucoPure® Sense (GPS), were tested in composite formulations of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) or poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) reinforced with micronized pulp fibers. Both additives showed a plasticizing effect, which led to a decrease in the Young’s and flexural moduli and strengths. At the same time, the elongation and flexural strain at break were considerably improved on some formulations. The melt flow rate was also remarkably improved with the incorporation of the additives. In the PHB-based composites, an increment of 230% was observed upon incorporation of 7.5 wt.% ELO and, in composites based on PLA, an increase of around 155% was achieved with the introduction of 2.5 wt.% GPS. ELO also increased the impact strength to a maximum of 29 kJ m−2, in formulations with PLA. For most composites, a faster degradation rate was observed on the formulations with the additives, reaching, in the case of PHB composites with GPS, a noteworthy weight loss over 75% under burial testing in compost medium at room temperature.

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“…Poly(lactic acid) (PLA), ‒[CH(CH 3 )COO] n ‒, is a highly transparent, glossy, colorless, and rigid thermoplastic material with great barrier properties. This aliphatic polyester is synthesized from lactic acid, which is produced by the fermentation of renewable resources and is available in the form of high-performance PLA grades that are a good replacement for PP (polypropylene), PS (polystyrene), and ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) in many demanding applications [ 7 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. The ratio between d and l enantiomers influences the properties of PLA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Printability, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate)-Poly(Lactic Acid)-Plasticizer Blends for Three-Dimensional (3D) Printing

et al. 2020

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This paper investigates the effect of plasticizer structure on especially the printability and mechanical and thermal properties of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-poly(lactic acid)-plasticizer biodegradable blends. Three plasticizers, acetyl tris(2-ethylhexyl) citrate, tris(2-ethylhexyl) citrate, and poly(ethylene glycol)bis(2-ethylhexanoate), were first checked whether they were miscible with poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-poly(lactic acid) (PHB-PLA) blends using a kneading machine. PHB-PLA-plasticizer blends of 60-25-15 (wt.%) were then prepared using a corotating meshing twin-screw extruder, and a single screw extruder was used for filament preparation for further three-dimensional (3D) fused deposition modeling (FDM) printing. These innovative eco-friendly PHB-PLA-plasticizer blends were created with a majority of PHB, and therefore, poor mechanical properties and thermal properties of neat PHB-PLA blends were improved by adding appropriate plasticizer. The plasticizer also influences the printability of blends, which was investigated, based on our new specific printability tests developed for the optimization of printing conditions (especially printing temperature). Three-dimensional printed test samples were used for heat deflection temperature measurements and Charpy and tensile-impact tests. Plasticizer migration was also investigated. The macrostructure of 3D printed samples was observed using an optical microscope to check the printing quality and printing conditions. Tensile tests of 3D printed samples (dogbones), as well as extruded filaments, showed that measured elongation at break raised, from 21% for non-plasticized PHB-PLA reference blends to 84% for some plasticized blends in the form of filaments and from 10% (reference) to 32% for plasticized blends in the form of printed dogbones. Measurements of thermal properties (using modulated differential scanning calorimetry and oscillation rheometry) also confirmed the plasticizing effect on blends. The thermal and mechanical properties of PHB-PLA blends were improved by the addition of appropriate plasticizer. In contrast, the printability of the PHB-PLA reference seems to be slightly better than the printability of the plasticized blends.

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Effects of Pulp Fiber and Epoxidized Tung Oil Content on the Properties of Biocomposites Based on Polylactic Acid

Cited by 8 publications

References 24 publications

Bamboo Pulp Toughening Poly (Lactic Acid) Composite Using Reactive Epoxy Resin

Bamboo Pulp Toughening Poly (Lactic Acid) Composite Using Reactive Epoxy Resin

Improving the Processability and Performance of Micronized Fiber-Reinforced Green Composites through the Use of Biobased Additives

Printability, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate)-Poly(Lactic Acid)-Plasticizer Blends for Three-Dimensional (3D) Printing

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