Effects of Psychoactive Chemicals on Commercial Driver Health and Performance: Stimulants, Hypnotics, Nutritional, and Other Supplements

Krueger, Gerald P.; Leaman, Howard M; Bergoffen, Gene; Murray, D. W.; Pickett, Racquel

doi:10.17226/14534

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…First, it is the most common substance referred to in media reports. Second, there has already been a more formal crossover of the drug into work environments: It has been used in the military and discussed in relation to long-distance driving as a potential aid to safety, and experiments with it taken place in the medical and surgical field (Krueger and Leaman, 2011;Sugden et al, 2012; see also Bloomfield and Dale, 2015). Third, there was a meta-analysis of scientific studies of modafinil in 2015 (Battleday and Brem, 2015), which led to its being labelled 'the world's first safe smart drug' in newspaper reports (Thomson, 2015), thereby increasing its visibility.…”

Section: Imaginaries Of Cognitive Enhancementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limitless? Imaginaries of cognitive enhancement and the labouring body

Bloomfield

Dale

2020

History of the Human Sciences

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This article seeks to situate pharmacological cognitive enhancement as part of a broader relationship between cultural understandings of the body-brain and the political economy. It is the body of the worker that forms the intersection of this relationship and through which it comes to be enacted and experienced. In this article, we investigate the imaginaries that both inform and are reproduced by representations of pharmacological cognitive enhancement, drawing on cultural sources such as newspaper articles and films, policy documents, and pharmaceutical marketing material to illustrate our argument. Through analysis of these diverse cultural sources, we argue that the use of pharmaceuticals has come to be seen not only as a way to manage our brains, but through this as a means to manage our productive selves, and thereby to better manage the economy. We develop three analytical themes. First, we consider the cultural representations of the brain in connection with the idea of plasticity – captured most graphically in images of morphing – and the representation of enhancement as a desirable, inevitable, and almost painless process in which the mind-brain realizes its full potential and asserts its will over matter. Following this, we explore the social value accorded to productive employment and the contemporary (biopolitical) ethos of working on or managing oneself, particularly in respect of improving one’s productive performance through cognitive enhancement. Developing this, we elaborate a third theme by looking at the moulding of the worker’s productive body-brain in relation to the demands of the economic system.

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Section: Imaginaries Of Cognitive Enhancementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limitless? Imaginaries of cognitive enhancement and the labouring body

Bloomfield

Dale

2020

History of the Human Sciences

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“…Although the authorities and medical professionals involved in transportation have sought to put in place the means of prohibiting or at least constraining, managing and regulating drivers’ consumption of drugs—whether illicit, licit or on prescription—what is different about enhancement technologies is that their positive potential is being placed to the fore:Of the ‘newer chemical stimulants’ being identified, modafinil (and chemically related compounds) may offer the most significant potential as an efficacious and safe chemical countermeasure to fatigue and could be of assistance to commercial drivers (even for chronic use) in the quest for alertness management in highway driving. (Krueger and Leaman, 2011: 30)…”

Section: Enhancement Technologies: From ‘Extreme Work’ To ‘Working Extremely’mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the ‘newer chemical stimulants’ being identified, modafinil (and chemically related compounds) may offer the most significant potential as an efficacious and safe chemical countermeasure to fatigue and could be of assistance to commercial drivers (even for chronic use) in the quest for alertness management in highway driving. (Krueger and Leaman, 2011: 30)…”

Section: Enhancement Technologies: From ‘Extreme Work’ To ‘Working Extremely’mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also notable in the US Transportation Research Board study is how the problem of alertness is constituted as one of ‘alertness management’ (Krueger and Leaman, 2011: 30). In other words, the need for alertness is a requirement of the job but is subject to deterioration due to working conditions (e.g.…”

Section: Enhancement Technologies: From ‘Extreme Work’ To ‘Working Extremely’mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fit for work? Redefining ‘Normal’ and ‘Extreme’ through human enhancement technologies

Bloomfield

Dale

2015

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This article focuses on how the categories of 'normal' and 'extreme' in the context of work might be renegotiated through the development of human enhancement technologies which aim to enable the human body to be pushed beyond its biological limits. The ethical dimensions of human enhancement technologies have been widely considered, but there has been little debate about their role in the broader world of employment-nor, conversely, the recognition that prevailing employment relationships might shape the development and uptake of such technologies. Addressing the organisation of work within 'advanced' capitalist economies, this article considers the arguments for the potential use of cognitive enhancers, so-called 'smart drugs', in various domains of work such as surgery and transportation. We argue that the development of human enhancement technologies might foster the normalisation of 'working extremely'-enabling longer working hours, greater effort or increased concentration-and yet at the same time promote the conditions of possibility under which workers are able to work on themselves so as to go beyond the norm, becoming 'extreme workers'. Looking at human enhancement technologies not only enables us to see how they might facilitate ever greater possibilities for working extremely but also helps us to understand the conditions under which cultures of extreme work become the norm and how workers them/ourselves accept or even embrace such work.

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“…Toxic dose is 100 mg for an average adult per day. But according to Krueger and Howard (2011), dose of trimethyl xanthina most likely to be effective without causing undesirable side effects is between 100-600 mg.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Extraction Process ofTrimethyl Xanthinain Vitro Culture of CallusCamellia Sinensiswith ethyl Acetate Solvent

Purwanto

Indra

2016

MATEC Web of Conferences

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Trimethyl xanthina is one of the compounds contained bioactive culture in vitro Cammelia sinensis callus which is widely used in the field of food, beverage, agriculture and health industries. The presence of trimethyl xanthina on food, beverages and health is needed in a certain amount depending on the use which is achieved by the user. To get a certain amount of trimethyl xanthina from callus culture of Cammelia sinensis, the extraction process is performed on the water solvent, as well as non-solvent water / organic solvent such as ethyl acetate. The purpose of this study was to obtain profile of trimethyl xanthina in the extraction of Cammelia sinensis callus. The experimental methods used consisted of dissolution, filtration, extraction with water solvent and ethyl acetate, then followed by identification of trimethyl xanthina using HPLC. The results shows the profile form of trimethyl xanthina of Cammelia sinensis callus have similarities with the standard form of trimethyl xanthina.

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Effects of Psychoactive Chemicals on Commercial Driver Health and Performance: Stimulants, Hypnotics, Nutritional, and Other Supplements

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Limitless? Imaginaries of cognitive enhancement and the labouring body

Limitless? Imaginaries of cognitive enhancement and the labouring body

Fit for work? Redefining ‘Normal’ and ‘Extreme’ through human enhancement technologies

The Extraction Process ofTrimethyl Xanthinain Vitro Culture of CallusCamellia Sinensiswith ethyl Acetate Solvent

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