Effects of Pseudoephedrine in Man

Hughes, David J.; Empey, D. W.; Land, M Hunter

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2710.1983.tb01053.x

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…PDE is resistant to the actions of monoamine oxidase and between 43% and 96% of an oral dose is excreted unchanged in the urine [10]. In oral OTC doses, PE and PDE have minimal effects on the cardiovascular system [9,14,15]. When administered intravenously, PE causes an increase in arterial blood pressure and bradycardia [16] and may also cause coronary vasospasm.…”

Section: Pharmacology and Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The threshold dosage of PE administered orally in man for any effects on the cardiovascular system is about 50 mg and at this dose PE causes a decline in heart rate and a slight increase in arterial blood pressure [14]. OTC doses of 60 mg PDE cause a slight increase in heart rate with no detectable change in blood pressure [9,15]. PDE is reported to have a greater incidence of central nervous sustem (CNS) stimulant effects than PE [11,17] and this fits in with the differences in chemical structure as shown in Figure 1.…”

Section: Pharmacology and Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is difficult to be confident about the true Table 1 Comparison of pharmacology and metabolism of phenylephrine and pseudoephedrine [10,11,13,15,16] Phenylephrine Pseudoephedrine 4 incidence of side effects and adverse events associated with PE and PDE, as they are usually formulated as combination medicines with analgesics and antihistamines. However, despite the great exposure of the general public to PE and PDE there is no consistent history of adverse events in the medical literature, and this indicates that PE and PDE in various OTC combination medicines are safe if taken as indicated.…”

Section: Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Substitution of phenylephrine for pseudoephedrine as a nasal decongeststant. An illogical way to control methamphetamine abuse

Eccles

2006

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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The aim of this review was to investigate the rationale for replacing the nasal decongestant pseudoephedrine (PDE) with phenylephrine (PE) as a means of controlling the illicit production of methamphetamine. A literature search was conducted in electronic databases and use of textbooks. Restrictions have been placed on the sale of PDE in the USA in an attempt to control the illicit production of methamphetamine. This has caused a switch from PDE to PE in many common cold and cough medicines. PE is a poor substitute for PDE as an orally administered decongestant as it is extensively metabolized in the gut and its efficacy as a decongestant is unproven. Both PDE and PE have a good safety record, but the efficacy of PDE as a nasal decongestant is supported by clinical trials. Studies in the USA indicate that restricting the sale of PDE to the public as a medicine has had little impact on the morbidity and number of arrests associated with methamphetamine abuse. Restricting the sale of PDE in order to control the illicit production of methamphetamine will deprive the public of a safe and effective nasal decongestant and force the pharmaceutical industry to replace PDE with PE, which may be an ineffective decongestant. Restrictions on sales of PDE to the public may not reduce the problems associated with methamphetamine abuse.

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Section: Pharmacology and Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pharmacology and Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Substitution of phenylephrine for pseudoephedrine as a nasal decongeststant. An illogical way to control methamphetamine abuse

Eccles

2006

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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“…The principal mechanism of action of PSE relies on the indirect stimulation of peripheral α 1 -adrenergic receptors, although it also has some ability to stimulate cardiac β receptors. This causes vasoconstriction at the level of the nasal mucosa, therefore reducing the blood flow to the nasal cavity and decreasing inflammation [ 1 ]. Despite being the optimal drug for this condition in many countries, access to PSE is restricted as it is a precursor material for the illegal manufacture of amphetamine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of pseudoephedrine on parameters affecting exercise performance: a meta-analysis

et al. 2018

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BackgroundPseudoephedrine (PSE), a sympathomimetic drug, commonly used in nasal decongestants, is currently banned in sports by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), as its stimulant activity is claimed to enhance performance. This meta-analysis described the effects of PSE on factors relating to sport performance.MethodsAll included studies were randomised placebo-controlled trials and were conducted in a double blind crossover fashion. All participants (males and females) were deemed to be healthy. For the primary analysis, standardised mean difference effect sizes (ES) were calculated for heart rate (HR), time trial (TT) performance, rating of perceived exertion, blood glucose, and blood lactate.ResultsAcross all parameters, effects were trivial with the exception of HR, which showed a small positive increase in favour of PSE ingestion (ES = 0.43; 95% confidence interval: − 0.01 to 0.88). However, subgroup analyses revealed important trends. Effect sizes for HR (increase) and TT (quicker) were larger in well-trained (VO2 max (maximal oxygen consumption) ≥ 65 ml/kg/min) and younger (< 28 years) participants, for shorter (< 25 mins) bouts of exercise and when PSE was administered less than 90 min prior to performance. There was evidence of a dose-response effect for TT and HR with larger doses (> 170 mg) resulting in small (ES = − 0.24) and moderate (ES = 0.85) effect sizes respectively for these variables.ConclusionsWe conclude, however, that the performance benefit of pseudoephedrine is marginal and likely to be less than that obtained from permitted stimulants such as caffeine.

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“…7,8 Hydrogenation of 2i in the presence of (S,R)-1 afforded (S)-3i in >99% ee, which is an intermediate for the synthesis of a non-narcotic analgesic and muscle relaxant agent. 16 A practical procedure for enantio-and diastereoselective synthesis of 1-aryl-2-aminoalkanols 17 is highly desired because of their pharmacological 18 and synthetic 19 utility. Asymmetric hydrogenation of the corresponding racemic R-amino ketones via dynamic kinetic resolution with in-situ mutation of the R stereogenic center is a straightforward method, yielding a single stereoisomer of products.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

General Asymmetric Hydrogenation of α-Branched Aromatic Ketones Catalyzed by TolBINAP/DMAPEN−Ruthenium(II) Complex

et al. 2007

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[reaction: see text] A catalyst system consisting of RuCl2[(S)-tolbinap][(R)-dmapen] and t-C4H9OK in 2-propanol effects asymmetric hydrogenation of arylglyoxal dialkylacetals to give the alpha-hydroxy acetals in up to 98% ee. Hydrogenation of racemic alpha-amidopropiophenones under dynamic kinetic resolution predominantly gives the syn alcohols in up to 99% ee and >98% de, while the reaction of racemic bezoin methyl ether gives the anti alcohols in excellent stereoselectivity.

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Effects of Pseudoephedrine in Man

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

Substitution of phenylephrine for pseudoephedrine as a nasal decongeststant. An illogical way to control methamphetamine abuse

Substitution of phenylephrine for pseudoephedrine as a nasal decongeststant. An illogical way to control methamphetamine abuse

Effects of pseudoephedrine on parameters affecting exercise performance: a meta-analysis

General Asymmetric Hydrogenation of α-Branched Aromatic Ketones Catalyzed by TolBINAP/DMAPEN−Ruthenium(II) Complex

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