Effects of Proximity between Companion Dogs and Their Caregivers on Heart Rate Variability Measures in Older Adults: A Pilot Study

Ortmeyer, Heidi K.; Katzel, Leslie I.

doi:10.3390/ijerph17082674

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Actually, whether this physiological response is indicative of positive excitement or of potentially negative stress remains an open question. However, the observed positive effect (i.e., reduction) on systolic and diastolic blood pressure would seem to corroborate the hypothesis that human–animal interactions could contribute to improve the functioning of the cardiovascular system [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 52%

Effects of Animal-Assisted Therapy (AAT) in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Case Study

Gregorini

Canio²,

Palmucci³

et al. 2022

Healthcare

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by cortical dementia and irreversibly progressive developments leading to a vegetative state and, finally, to death. Although many aspects of its etiology, diagnosis and treatment still remain obscure and the current approach to the disease mostly suffers from limited and low-efficiency therapeutic means, nevertheless, recent interventions have aimed at improving patients’ quality of life through nonpharmacological approaches, including animal-assisted therapy (AAT), arousing growing interest. In order to assess the physiological and neuropsychological effects of AAT on AD, 24 residents of a rest house in northern Italy were enrolled. The intervention consisted of one 45-minute AAT session per week over ten weeks. Twelve residents (six AD and six non-AD) received AAT and twelve (six AD and six non-AD) were controls. In order to evaluate the physiological and clinical effect of AAT on AD residents, three cardiac parameters, including the systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate, were measured. Moreover, the neurocognitive and depressive states were assessed by the Mini Mental State Examination and the Geriatric Depression Scale, respectively. Analyses were performed by a four-way ANOVA model (including two ways for repeated measures) considering each main effect and interaction possible in the design. Our findings, despite the small sample size, suggest that AAT has a positive significant effect on physiological parameters and neurocognitive impairment, while no effect was observed on the depression level.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 52%

Effects of Animal-Assisted Therapy (AAT) in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Case Study

Gregorini

Canio²,

Palmucci³

et al. 2022

Healthcare

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“…Many studies have demonstrated the association between pet ownership and cardiovascular health and dog owners appear to have a significantly greater chance of survival after a heart attack compared to people without pets [25][26][27]. Pets can therefore play an important role in reducing absenteeism and visits to family doctors or the hospital [28]. It has been estimated that pet ownership saved Australia $1 billion in 1994 [29], while it may reduce the use of the National Health Service (NHS) in the UK to the value of £2.45 billion per year [30].…”

Section: Positive Aspects Of Companion Animals For Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

A One Health Perspective on the Human–Companion Animal Relationship with Emphasis on Zoonotic Aspects

Overgaauw

Vinke

Hagen

et al. 2020

IJERPH

172

137

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Over time the human–animal bond has been changed. For instance, the role of pets has changed from work animals (protecting houses, catching mice) to animals with a social function, giving companionship. Pets can be important for the physical and mental health of their owners but may also transmit zoonotic infections. The One Health initiative is a worldwide strategy for expanding collaborations in all aspects of health care for humans, animals, and the environment. However, in One Health communications the role of particularly dogs and cats is often underestimated. Objective: Evaluation of positive and negative One Health issues of the human–companion animal relationship with a focus on zoonotic aspects of cats and dogs in industrialized countries. Method: Literature review. Results: Pets undoubtedly have a positive effect on human health, while owners are increasing aware of pet’s health and welfare. The changing attitude of humans with regard to pets and their environment can also lead to negative effects such as changes in feeding practices, extreme breeding, and behavioral problems, and anthropozoonoses. For the human, there may be a higher risk of the transmission of zoonotic infections due to trends such as sleeping with pets, allowing pets to lick the face or wounds, bite accidents, keeping exotic animals, the importation of rescue dogs, and soil contact. Conclusions: One Health issues need frequently re-evaluated as the close human–animal relationship with pet animals can totally differ compared to decennia ago. Because of the changed human–companion animal bond, recommendations regarding responsible pet-ownership, including normal hygienic practices, responsible breeding, feeding, housing, and mental and physical challenges conforming the biology of the animal are required. Education can be performed by vets and physicians as part of the One Health concept.

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“…PetPace is a non-invasive collar designed for dogs and cats that allows real-time, continuous, remote monitoring of activity, temperature, pulse, respiration, variations in heart rate (HRV), position (lying, sitting, standing), and sleep quality (movement during sleep). The use of this collar was recently described in dogs and showed an excellent correlation with real-time variables ( 33 – 35 ). The results of increased activity following the liposomal CBD treatment in the dog presented here seemed to be correlated with owner subjective wellbeing evaluation and iVAS, although, this data should be interpreted with caution as other factors such as environmental conditions and owner activity can play a significant role in daily activity patterns.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A Case Report of Subcutaneously Injected Liposomal Cannabidiol Formulation Used as a Compassion Therapy for Pain Management in a Dog

et al. 2022

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A 14-year-old intact mixed breed dog (26 kg) was submitted for a novel cannabidiol (CBD) analgesic treatment. The dog was cachectic and had a testicular neoplasia, hip and elbow osteoarthritis and severe cervical pain. Analgesic treatment included canine osteoarthritic supplement, robencoxib and gabapentin. An additional liposomal CBD injectable formulation at 5 mg/kg was administered subcutaneously between the shoulder blades. The dog was monitored using an activity monitoring collar (PetPace), owner wellbeing questionnaire (Canine Brief Pain Inventory; CBPI), pain interactive visual analog scale (iVAS), blood work and CBD plasma concentrations. A week from the injection and up to 3 weeks afterwards the dog had improved CBPI and iVAS pain scores, and increased collar activity scores. CBD was quantified in plasma for 28 days. Due to disease progression, further difficulty to rise and walk, and relapse to pain after 3 weeks, the owners requested a second liposomal CBD injection, which was performed 4 weeks following the first injection using 3 mg/kg dose. Two days later, the dog was found dead in the yard under direct sun, while environmental temperature was 37°C. Major findings on necropsy revealed evidence of heat stroke and severe cervical disc protrusion with spinal hematoma, none related to liposomal CBD. In conclusion, subcutaneous liposomal CBD produced quantifiable CBD plasma concentrations for 28 days and may be an effective additional treatment as part of multimodal pain management in dogs.

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Effects of Proximity between Companion Dogs and Their Caregivers on Heart Rate Variability Measures in Older Adults: A Pilot Study

Cited by 13 publications

References 34 publications

Effects of Animal-Assisted Therapy (AAT) in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Case Study

Effects of Animal-Assisted Therapy (AAT) in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Case Study

A One Health Perspective on the Human–Companion Animal Relationship with Emphasis on Zoonotic Aspects

A Case Report of Subcutaneously Injected Liposomal Cannabidiol Formulation Used as a Compassion Therapy for Pain Management in a Dog

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