Effects of Protein Restriction and Subsequent Realimentation on Body Composition, Gut Microbiota and Metabolite Profiles in Weaned Piglets

Hou, Lei; Wang, Li; Qiu, Yueqin; Xiong, Ye; Xiao, Hao; Yi, Hongbo; Wen, Xiaolu; Lin, Zeling; Wang, Zhikang; Yang, Xuefen; Jiang, Zhonghong

doi:10.3390/ani11030686

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 78 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Low protein diet was speculated to increase intestinal metabolic activity by the functional prediction on gut microbial flora of pigs fed different protein content diets because genes in intestinal microorganisms at different protein levels are mainly enriched in the "metabolism pathway" (Wang D. et al, 2020). Differences of gut microbiota and its metabolites in piglets induced by protein restriction were demonstrated, and low protein diet was confirmed to decrease mainly the concentrations of biogenic amines, phenolic and indole compounds, and acetate and total SCFA (Yu et al, 2017;Hou et al, 2021). Similarly, we also found an abundant decrease of histamine, phenolic and acetate compounds, etc., in growing-finishing pigs fed low protein diet.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Crude Protein Diet Affects the Intestinal Microbiome and Metabolome Differently in Barrows and Gilts

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Low protein diets are commonly used in the growing-finishing pig stage of swine production; however, the effects of low dietary protein on the intestinal microbiota and their metabolites, and their association with pig sex, remain unclear. The present study aimed to assess the impact of a low crude protein (CP) diet on the gut microbiome and metabolome, and to reveal any relationship with sex. Barrows and gilts (both n = 24; initial body = 68.33 ± 0.881 kg) were allocated into two treatments according to sex. The four groups comprised two pairs of gilts and barrows fed with a high protein diet (CP 17% at stage I; CP 13% at stage II) and a low protein diet (CP 15% at stage I; CP 11% at stage II), respectively, for 51 d. Eight pigs in each group were slaughtered and their colon contents were collected. Intestinal microbiota and their metabolites were assessed using 16S rRNA sequencing and tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. The low protein diet increased intestinal microbiota species and richness indices (P < 0.05) in both sexes compared with the high protein diet. The sample Shannon index was different (P < 0.01) between barrows and gilts. At the genus level, unidentified Clostridiales (P < 0.05), Neisseria (P < 0.05), unidentified Prevotellaceae (P < 0.01) and Gracilibacteria (P < 0.05) were affected by dietary protein levels. The relative abundance of unidentified Prevotellaceae was different (P < 0.01) between barrows and gilts. The influence of dietary protein levels on Neisseria (P < 0.05), unidentified Prevotellaceae (P < 0.01) and Gracilibacteria (P < 0.05) were associated with sex. Metabolomic profiling indicated that dietary protein levels mainly affected intestinal metabolites in gilts rather than barrows. A total of 434 differentially abundant metabolites were identified in gilts fed the two protein diets. Correlation analysis identified that six differentially abundant microbiota communities were closely associated with twelve metabolites that were enriched for amino acids, inflammation, immune, and disease-related metabolic pathways. These results suggested that decreasing dietary protein contents changed the intestinal microbiota in growing-finishing pigs, which selectively affected the intestinal metabolite profiles in gilts.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Crude Protein Diet Affects the Intestinal Microbiome and Metabolome Differently in Barrows and Gilts

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Recent studies by Hou et al and our group revealed that protein succedent realimentation was an effective way to rescue the loss of growth performance caused by the prior protein restriction ( 4 , 10 ). These results demonstrated that protein restriction and succedent realimentation improved feed conversion, protein deposition, and intestinal health in weaning piglets ( 4 , 10 ). Our group revealed that weaning piglets achieve compensatory growth after protein restriction and succedent realimentation through a mechanism closely related to hepatic growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factors (IGF-1) signaling axis activation ( 11 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Applying nutrition management to reduce the economic losses of weaning stress have always attracted attention for commercial swine production ( 3 ). It is commonly believed that maintaining the normal level of dietary protein is necessary for the growth of weaning piglets ( 4 ). However, due to insufficient nitrogen nutrient digestibility in the small intestine of weaning piglets, a lot of undigested dietary protein gets into the hind gut and is fermented by bacteria, thereby producing toxic metabolites including ammonia, indole, and various kinds of phenols ( 5 , 6 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of Protein Restriction and Succedent Realimentation on Jejunal Function and Bacterial Composition of Different Colonic Niches in Weaned Piglets

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recent studies have proved that protein succedent realimentation could rescue the loss of growth performance in weaning piglets caused by a prior protein restriction. However, how the protein restriction and succedent realimentation influence the jejunal function and bacterial composition of different colonic niches microbiota in weaning piglets needs a further investigation. After protein succedent realimentation, we found that the treatment group (TRE) piglets had a higher IGF-1 content and IGF-1R gene expression level in jejunal mucosa than the control group (CON) piglets. The ZO-1 gene expression level was up-regulated in the jejunal mucosa of TRE piglets during protein restriction and succedent realimentation, while the jejunal permeability of TRE piglets was only decreased after protein succedent realimentation. In addition, we found that protein restriction and succedent realimentation increased the gene expression of Pept-1 and the fecal apparent digestibility of crude protein in TRE piglets, but decreased the fecal nitrogen content. After 16S rRNA MiSeq sequencing of bacteria in different colonic niches (mucosa and digesta), TRE piglets had a higher relative abundance of beneficial bacteria and a lower relative abundance of potential pathogens than CON piglets in different colonic niches after protein restriction and succedent realimentation. Our data showed that protein restriction and succedent realimentation decreased the concentrations of branch chain fatty acids and ammonia-N in the colon of TRE piglets. In addition, protein succedent realimentation increased the concentration of total short chain fatty acids in the colon of TRE piglets. All these findings demonstrated that the strategy of protein restriction and succedent realimentation is an effective way to improve intestinal health of weaning piglets, and provided new insights into the nutrition management of piglets during the weaning period.

show abstract

“…The procedure of microbial metabolite measurement as our previously describe [19] using Vanquish UHPLC system (Thermo Fisher) coupled with an Orbitrap Q Exactive series mass spectrometer (Thermo Fisher). Brie y, the homogenate of grounded colonic digesta was centrifuged.…”

Section: Microbial Metabolite Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Early Sub-Therapeutic Antibiotic Administration and its Subsequent Withdrawal on Body Composition, Gut Microbiota and Metabolite Profiles in a Pig Model

Hou¹,

Cao²,

Qiu³

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Antibiotic exposure in early life has shown to be a significant risk factor for later fat accumulation in human. However, whether early sub-therapeutic antibiotic (STA) exposure affects body composition and its mechanisms remains unclear. The present study used a combination of comparative slaughter method, microbiota, and metabolomics measurement to investigate the effects of early STA administration and its subsequent withdrawal on body composition, colonic microbiota and metabolite profiles in a pig model. The piglets were fed the same basal starter diet added with STA (STA) or without STA (CON) for two weeks during the administration period, and then all piglets were switched to the same nursery diet without STA during the withdrawal period until they reached approximately 25 kg body weight. Results: Results showed that STA did not significantly improve piglet growth performance during the administration period and the withdrawal period. Piglets treated with the STA had a lower body water deposition (g/d) during the withdrawal period, and tended to have increased body lipid deposition (g/d) during the withdrawal period and the whole period than CON group. It was found that STA was initially effective in decreasing the abundance of pathogenic bacteria during the administration period, such as Alloprevotella, Bacteroides, Solobacterium, and Sutterella. However, they could not continue the effect during the withdrawal period, leading to the rebound of pathogenic bacteria such as Alloprevotella and the increase of the abundance of other pathogenic bacteria like Oscillibacter. Remarkably, STA treatment decreased the abundance of Blautia that play a potential protective role against obesity either during the administration period or the withdrawal period. Metabolomic analysis indicated that STA mainly altered amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism during the two periods. Furthermore, Spearman's correlation analysis showed that the gut microbiota was highly correlated with microbial metabolites changes. Conclusion: These results suggest that STA administration may alter tissue deposition through reshaping the gut microbiota and their metabolite profiles.

show abstract

Effects of Protein Restriction and Subsequent Realimentation on Body Composition, Gut Microbiota and Metabolite Profiles in Weaned Piglets

Cited by 15 publications

References 78 publications

Low Crude Protein Diet Affects the Intestinal Microbiome and Metabolome Differently in Barrows and Gilts

Low Crude Protein Diet Affects the Intestinal Microbiome and Metabolome Differently in Barrows and Gilts

Effects of Protein Restriction and Succedent Realimentation on Jejunal Function and Bacterial Composition of Different Colonic Niches in Weaned Piglets

Effects of Early Sub-Therapeutic Antibiotic Administration and its Subsequent Withdrawal on Body Composition, Gut Microbiota and Metabolite Profiles in a Pig Model

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About