Effects of Prostaglandin E1, Melatonin, and Oxytetracycline on Lipid Peroxidation, Antioxidant Defense System, Paraoxonase (PON1) Activities, and Homocysteine Levels in an Animal Model of Spinal Cord Injury

Abstract

Melatonin and oxytetracycline are effective in preventing lipid peroxidation in spinal cord injury. Paraoxonase and homocysteine can be used in monitoring the antioxidant defense system as well as superoxide dismutase and plasma glutathione peroxidase, both in injury and medicated groups.

The effects of prophylactic zinc and melatonin application on experimental spinal cord ischemia–reperfusion injury in rabbits: experimental study

“…1 Furthermore, the increase in MDA levels and the decrease in reduced GSH levels related to ischemia are reversed with melatonin treatment. 6 Parallel to the free radical scavenger effect of melatonin, zinc supplementation caused significant decreases in MDA levels. The damage-decreasing effect of rare-earth elements in I/R damage has been mentioned before.…”

“…Increases in MDA levels related to spinal cord I/R were also reported in the previous studies. 5,6 However, the use of melatonin before the application considerably suppressed the increases in MDA levels during the I/R process. Melatonin, which is the main secretion product of the pineal gland, functions as a strong free radical scavenger and as an antioxidant.…”

“…5 Furthermore, the increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and the decrease in glutathione (GSH) levels related to ischemia are reversed with melatonin treatment. 6 Compatible with these examinations, it was established that melatonin supports also significantly increased catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, which have powerful antioxidant qualities. 5 It was reported that the GPx, SOD activity decreased in relation to spinal injuries; 7 also in a similar study it was reported that myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity increased as a result of spinal injury, but melatonin treatment suppressed the increased MPO activity and also corrected motor deficits.…”

Rhythms of serum melatonin in rats with acute spinal cord injury at the cervical and thoracic regions

“…[1][2][3][4] The primary traumatic mechanical injury to the spinal cord causes the death of a number of neurons that cannot be recovered and none regenerated, but some neurons continue to die for hours after traumatic SCI. This secondary neuronal death may be caused by substances released from cells in response to the primary injury.…”

“…5 Recent studies have found that melatonin is a very efficient scavenger of the hydroxyl and peroxyl radicals as well as an electron donor. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Being lipophylic and hydrophilic, it has an extreme diffusability for scavenging in cells and every subcellular compartment. In addition, it can protect membrane lipids and protein components, nucleus and all the cells.…”