Effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching and deep-breathing exercises on upper extremity lymphedema in stroke patients

Hwang, Woon Taek; Jeong, Yeon-Jae; Kim, Seong-Yeol; Jeong, Yeon-Gyu

doi:10.1589/jpts.28.3276

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Additional opportunities for research with athletes (some of which have started being scrutinized in different populations) would include exploration of the effects of stretching on venous and lymphatic circulation [427,428], nonlocal effects of stretching [13,14], and the effect of previous knowledge/expectations on the efficacy of stretching interventions [429].…”

Section: Are We Looking For the Most Relevantmentioning

confidence: 99%

What We Do Not Know About Stretching in Healthy Athletes: A Scoping Review with Evidence Gap Map from 300 Trials

Afonso,

Andrade,

Rocha-Rodrigues

et al. 2024

Sports Med

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Background Stretching has garnered significant attention in sports sciences, resulting in numerous studies. However, there is no comprehensive overview on investigation of stretching in healthy athletes. Objectives To perform a systematic scoping review with an evidence gap map of stretching studies in healthy athletes, identify current gaps in the literature, and provide stakeholders with priorities for future research. Methods Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 and PRISMA-ScR guidelines were followed. We included studies comprising healthy athletes exposed to acute and/or chronic stretching interventions. Six databases were searched (CINAHL, EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science) until 1 January 2023. The relevant data were narratively synthesized; quantitative data summaries were provided for key data items. An evidence gap map was developed to offer an overview of the existing research and relevant gaps. Results Of ~ 220,000 screened records, we included 300 trials involving 7080 athletes [mostly males (~ 65% versus ~ 20% female, and ~ 15% unreported) under 36 years of age; tiers 2 and 3 of the Participant Classification Framework] across 43 sports. Sports requiring extreme range of motion (e.g., gymnastics) were underrepresented. Most trials assessed the acute effects of stretching, with chronic effects being scrutinized in less than 20% of trials. Chronic interventions averaged 7.4 ± 5.1 weeks and never exceeded 6 months. Most trials (~ 85%) implemented stretching within the warm-up, with other application timings (e.g., post-exercise) being under-researched. Most trials examined static active stretching (62.3%), followed by dynamic stretching (38.3%) and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching (12.0%), with scarce research on alternative methods (e.g., ballistic stretching). Comparators were mostly limited to passive controls, with ~ 25% of trials including active controls (e.g., strength training). The lower limbs were primarily targeted by interventions (~ 75%). Reporting of dose was heterogeneous in style (e.g., 10 repetitions versus 10 s for dynamic stretching) and completeness of information (i.e., with disparities in the comprehensiveness of the provided information). Most trials (~ 90%) reported performance-related outcomes (mainly strength/power and range of motion); sport-specific outcomes were collected in less than 15% of trials. Biomechanical, physiological, and neural/psychological outcomes were assessed sparsely and heterogeneously; only five trials investigated injury-related outcomes. Conclusions There is room for improvement, with many areas of research on stretching being underexplored and others currently too heterogeneous for reliable comparisons between studies. There is limited representation of elite-level athletes (~ 5% tier 4 and no tier 5) and underpowered sample sizes (≤ 20 participants). Research was biased toward adult male athletes of sports not requiring extreme ranges of motion, and mostly assessed the acute effects of static active stretching and dynamic stretching during the warm-up. Dose–response relationships remain largely underexplored. Outcomes were mostly limited to general performance testing. Injury prevention and other effects of stretching remain poorly investigated. These relevant research gaps should be prioritized by funding policies. Registration OSF project (https://osf.io/6auyj/) and registration (https://osf.io/gu8ya).

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Section: Are We Looking For the Most Relevantmentioning

confidence: 99%

What We Do Not Know About Stretching in Healthy Athletes: A Scoping Review with Evidence Gap Map from 300 Trials

Afonso,

Andrade,

Rocha-Rodrigues

et al. 2024

Sports Med

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“…BIA measurements of resistance and reactance were taken with the patient in the recumbent position after 5 min of rest using a multifrequency analyzer (1, 5, 50, 250, 500, and 1,000 kHz). The 4 electrodes were attached to both thumbs and forefingers and just below the ankles of both feet [24,25]. Similar to our previous studies [9][10][11][12]26], the ICW, ECW, TBW (ICW + ECW), and ECW/TBW were calculated from the sum of each segment using the equations in the BIA software program.…”

Section: Measurement Of the Fluid Volume Using A Bia Devicementioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Impact of Isolated Ultrafiltration and Hemodialysis on Fluid Distribution: A Bioimpedance Study

et al. 2021

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Introduction: Isolated ultrafiltration (IUF) is an alternative treatment for diuretic-resistant patients with fluid retention. Although hemodialysis (HD) predominantly decreases extracellular water (ECW), the impact of IUF on fluid distribution compared with HD remains unclear. Methods: We compared the effect of HD (n = 22) and IUF (n = 10) sessions on the body fluid status using a bioimpedance analysis device (InBody S10). Results: The total ultrafiltration volume was similar between HD and IUF (HD 2.5 ± 0.3 vs. ICF 2.1 ± 0.3 L/session, p = 0.196). The reduction rate of ECW was significantly higher than that of intracellular water (ICW) after HD (ECW −7.9% ± 0.8% vs. ICW −3.0% ± 0.9%, p < 0.001) and IUF (ECW −5.8% ± 0.9% vs. ICW -3.6% ± 0.8%, p = 0.048). However, the change in the ratio of ECW to total body water in HD was significantly larger than that in IUF (HD −3.2% ± 0.3% vs. ICF −1.1% ± 0.4%, p < 0.001). The reduction rates in serum tonicity (effective osmolality) were higher after HD than after IUF (HD −1.8% ± 0.5% vs. IUF −0.6% ± 0.2%, p = 0.052). Among the components of effective osmolality, the reduction rates of serum K+ and glucose levels after HD were significantly higher than those after IUF (serum K+: HD −30.5% ± 1.6% vs. IUF −0.5% ± 3.8%, p < 0.001; serum glucose: HD −15.4% ± 5.0% vs. IUF 0.7% ± 4.8%, p = 0.026), while the serum Na+ level was slightly and similarly reduced (HD −0.8% ± 0.4% vs. IUF −0.8% ± 0.4%, p = 0.500). The reduction in the osmolal gap value (measured osmolality–calculated osmolarity) was significantly greater after HD sessions than after IUF sessions (HD −12.4 ± 1.4 vs. IUF 2.0 ± 1.0 mOsm/kg, p = 0.001). Conclusion: The extracellular fluid reduction effect of HD is stronger than that of IUF. The different changes in effective osmolality and osmolal gap after HD and IUF sessions may be related to the different effects of HD and IUF on fluid distribution.

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Effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching and deep-breathing exercises on upper extremity lymphedema in stroke patients

Cited by 2 publications

References 6 publications

What We Do Not Know About Stretching in Healthy Athletes: A Scoping Review with Evidence Gap Map from 300 Trials

What We Do Not Know About Stretching in Healthy Athletes: A Scoping Review with Evidence Gap Map from 300 Trials

Comparative Impact of Isolated Ultrafiltration and Hemodialysis on Fluid Distribution: A Bioimpedance Study

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