Effects of prolonged copper exposure in the marine gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta) II: copper accumulation, drinking rate and Na+/K+-ATPase activity in osmoregulatory tissues

Comparing trace element concentrations in muscle tissue of marbled eel Anguilla marmorata reared in three different aquaculture systems

“…The alkalinity of the source water in the present study was 280 mg l −1 CaCO 3 , which is relatively high compared to most freshwater sources, so the proportion of CuCO 3 was likely also high in this type of water. Cu 2+ , CuOH + , and CuCO 3 are the main forms of copper taken up by the gills or the intestinal epithelium of fish (Grosell et al 2004); therefore, gill uptake was probably an important process of Cu absorption by Anguilla marmorata in the present study. For other trace elements, gill uptake by fish may be low because of the form that the elements are present in water.…”

Sublethal concentrations of waterborne copper induce cellular stress and cell death in zebrafish embryos and larvae

“…Moreover, waterborne copper induces EGFP expression in organs such as the spinal cord, pronephric glomeruli, pronephric ducts, pneumatic duct, liver, stomach and intestine. The liver, intestine and renal tissues have been shown to accumulate copper in toadfi sh and rainbow trout after waterborne copper exposure (Grosell et al, 2004;Kamunde et al, 2003), suggesting that this selective accumulation of copper in these tissues could be a protection mechanism against internal copper toxicity. Studies using primary cultures of rainbow trout hepatocytes exposed to CuSO 4 (0-200 mM) resulted in both a dose-dependent elevation Figure S1.…”

“…However, there is little information on the effects of copper on early fish development and its potential toxicity at sub-lethal concentrations (around 5 μM of Cu) (Hernandez et al, 2006;Sandahl et al, 2007;Seok et al, 2006). In adult fi sh, copper uptake is largely regulated by the gills (Grosell et al, 2004;Kamunde et al, 2003;Matsuo et al, 2004;Taylor et al, 2003), but in developing embryos, prior to gill development; other mechanisms could account for this process.…”

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“…In addition, antioxidant system response can differ due to their redox active and inactive nature which Cd and Pb are considered among the redox inactive metals (Pinto et al, 2003). Osmoregulatory and antioxidant systems have pivotal functions as being key mechanisms where metal toxicity occurs (Grosell et al, 2004;Atli and Canli, 2010;Eroglu et al, 2015). Fish erythrocytes has shown to provide useful tool in several aspects; a) specific tissue for oxidative stress because of their membrane structure rich in long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids which can be a target for oxidation by toxicants b) based on its oxygen transport function, erythrocytes is an important site for the ROS production, c) they come into contact with metals directly due to its transportation role in carrying chemicals to other tissues (Heath, 1987;Roche and Boge, 1996;Ruas et al, 2008).…”

“…Ca 2+ -ATPase involves in Ca 2+ ions remove from the cytoplasm low Ca 2+ level protection (Watson and Beamish, 1981). Previous studies have been demonstrated that ATPase activities altered considerably in fish, suggesting their potential as sensitive biomarkers for the assessment of the membrane rupture (Canli and Stagg, 1996;Grosell et al, 2004;Canli 2007, 2011a).…”