Effects of profound early institutional deprivation: An overview of findings from a UK longitudinal study of Romanian adoptees

Examining the primary school experiences of intercountry adoptees : perspectives of adoptive parents and children

“…States, Britain and some Scandanavian countries (Gray, 2009) on the impact of institutional deprivation on children's post-adoptive behaviour and adjustment (Gindis, 2008;Judge, 2004;Merz & McCall, 2010;Rutter, Beckett et al, 2005;Rutter, Colvert et al, 2007). Furthermore, research has begun to highlight the outcomes of institutionalisation on children's cognitive and language development as well as other educational issues including school performance (Gindis, 2005;Glennen, 2002Glennen, , 2006Glennen, , 2007Meese, 2002;van Ijzendoorn, Juffer, & Poelhuis, 2005).…”

“…Terms such as "Institutionalised Autism" (Gindis, 2008), also referred to as "institutionally induced autism" (Federici, 1998), "quasiautism" (Rutter, Colvert et al, 2007), "acquired institutional autism" (Miller, 2004), "post-institutional autistic syndrome" (Hoksbergen, Ter Laak, Rijk, Dijkum, & Stoutjesdijk, 2005), have been used to describe the "autistic-like" behaviours of a significant minority of children adopted from Romanian or other severely depriving orphanages or institutions. The cumulative cognitive deficit (CCD) of sudden native language attrition and English language acquisition and the impact this has on the behavioural and learning outcomes of intercountry adoptees has also been investigated (Gindis, 2005;Glennen, 2002).…”

“…Studies have shown that children who spend more than six months in an institution are at greater risk of developmental delays and behavioural, social and emotional problems in adolescence and may need greater educational assistance (Gunnar et al, 2007;Rutter, 1998;Rutter, Colvert et al, 2007;Sharma, McGue, & Benson, 1996a;Verhulst, 2000).…”

“…Behaviours may include self-stimulation (head-banging, rocking), self-mutilation (skin picking, hair pulling) self-comfort ( withdrawal, finger sucking), self-defence (hyper-vigilance to gestures, tone of voice, noise), temper tantrums and resistance to changes in routine, and more (Federici, 1998;Gindis, 2008;Hoksbergen, Ter Laak, Rijk et al, 2005;Rutter, Colvert et al, 2007).…”

“…Some "atypical" development is more likely to occur in older adoptees who have experienced significant disrupted attachments, prolonged periods of institutionalisation, or other pre-adoption adversities (Gunnar et al, 2007;Julian, 14 2013; Rutter, 1998;Rutter, Colvert et al, 2007;Sharma, McGue, & Benson, 1996a;Verhulst, 2000). Erikson's (1959Erikson's ( , 1980 theory of psychosocial development consists of eight stages of development through which, it is argued, people typically pass from birth to late adulthood at approximated ages.…”