Effects of process water recirculation on solid and liquid products from hydrothermal carbonization of Laminaria

Wang, Fengbo; Wang, Jing; Gu, Chen; Han, Ying; Zan, Shuaijun; Wu, Shuo

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121996

Cited by 76 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…After recirculation steps, as it can be observed, the hydrogen (H) and nitrogen (N) contents remained almost unchanged, as commonly observed during HTC of lignocellulosic waste biomass [59]. Differently, carbon (C) and fixed carbon (FC) contents increased while oxygen (O) and volatile matter (VM) contents decreased [46,66,67,73]. These findings confirm that the hydrochars are further converted into solid fuel by HTC with recirculated PW.…”

Section: Effect On Chemical Compositionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Most of the microspheres precipitate on hydrochar surface contributing to its mass growth, while the remaining amount is suspended in the aqueous medium [46]. Thus, the organic acids in the liquid phase formed during the HTC process, if recirculated, could act as a catalyst and promote dehydration reactions which significantly boost the carbonization process, contributing to hydrochar production through condensation and back-polymerization reactions [46,66,67]. Moreover, organic acids could also directly participate in the formation of hydrochars through condensation reactions and the subsequent precipitation on hydrochar matrix.…”

Section: Effect Of Pw Recirculation On Hydrochar Properties 21 Effect On the Mass Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the main benefits of the HTC of waste biomass is to produce an energy dense, high quality, solid fuel, showing increased HHV values to respect the starting biomass [68]. Table 1 demonstrates that PW recirculation during the HTC process has the potential to increase the HHV of hydrochars [45,61,64,67,68]. The maximum HHV increase was observed for the feedstock laminaria; the recirculation of PW led to a HHV increase of almost 20%.…”

Section: Effect On Hhv and Energy Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Process Water Recirculation during Hydrothermal Carbonization of Waste Biomass: Current Knowledge and Challenges

2021

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Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is considered as an efficient and constantly expanding eco-friendly methodology for thermochemical processing of high moisture waste biomass into solid biofuels and valuable carbonaceous materials. However, during HTC, a considerable amount of organics, initially present in the feedstock, are found in the process water (PW). PW recirculation is attracting an increasing interest in the hydrothermal process field as it offers the potential to increase the carbon recovery yield while increasing hydrochar energy density. PW recirculation can be considered as a viable method for the valorization and reuse of the HTC aqueous phase, both by reducing the amount of additional water used for the process and maximizing energy recovery from the HTC liquid residual fraction. In this work, the effects of PW recirculation, for different starting waste biomasses, on the properties of hydrochars and liquid phase products are reviewed. The mechanism of production and evolution of hydrochar during recirculation steps are discussed, highlighting the possible pathways which could enhance energy and carbon recovery. Challenges of PW recirculation are presented and research opportunities proposed, showing how PW recirculation could increase the economic viability of the process while contributing in mitigating environmental impacts.

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Section: Effect On Chemical Compositionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Effect Of Pw Recirculation On Hydrochar Properties 21 Effect On the Mass Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect On Hhv and Energy Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Process Water Recirculation during Hydrothermal Carbonization of Waste Biomass: Current Knowledge and Challenges

2021

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“…where k 0 is Arrhenius factor (min −1 ), E a is activation energy (J mol −1 ), R is the universal gas constant (8.314 J mol −1 K −1 ) and T is the temperature of reaction (K). The temperature range around 160-250 °C for hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge is recommended to produce bioenergy [161][162][163]165].…”

Section: Temmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Addition of various salts also influences the hydrochar energy yield. Calcium lactate, calcium chloride, and lithium chloride pre-treatment have been reported to enhance the HHV of hydrochar prepared from loblolly pine compared to untreated hydrochar [96,[161][162][163]165].…”

Section: Effect Of Salt Additionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on Hydrothermal Carbonization of Biomass and its Applications

et al. 2019

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Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) has gained a lot of interest in the last few years for the process production of hydrochar from the different kinds of biological materials such as agricultural waste. Therefore, a thorough review of the literature on HTC has been conducted, which is more energy-efficient and involves hydrochar preparation at a lower temperature without any specific requirements for pressure. This review article primarily differentiates between the hydrochar and biochar developed from various sources. Also, a comparative analysis has been done to evaluate the maximum efficiency of hydrochar production. The various parameters, which influence the hydrochar yield to include pH, temperature, the concentration of the modifying agent, duration of exposure, salt, and phenolic compounds, have also been highlighted in this review. The scale-up processes for industrial level hydrochar production, along with bioreactor designs, have also been discussed. We have also focused on various applications of hydrochar, such as adsorbent in wastewater treatment, carbon sequestration, gas adsorption and in the field of agriculture for soil amendment. The adsorption effects of hydrochar towards the partial and proportionate adsorption of heavy metals and hazardous chemicals have been depicted. This review of the literature clearly illustrates the role of HTC in environmental remediation of soil, air and water and its usage in various industries.

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Phytotoxicity and nutrition behavior of process water obtained from the hydrothermal carbonization of poultry litter and its effect on lettuce germination and growth

Niu

Wang

Jian

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Effects of process water recirculation on solid and liquid products from hydrothermal carbonization of Laminaria

Cited by 76 publications

References 47 publications

Process Water Recirculation during Hydrothermal Carbonization of Waste Biomass: Current Knowledge and Challenges

Process Water Recirculation during Hydrothermal Carbonization of Waste Biomass: Current Knowledge and Challenges

A Comprehensive Review on Hydrothermal Carbonization of Biomass and its Applications

Phytotoxicity and nutrition behavior of process water obtained from the hydrothermal carbonization of poultry litter and its effect on lettuce germination and growth

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