Effects of probiotics supplementation on gastrointestinal permeability, inflammation and exercise performance in the heat

Shing, Cecilia M.; Peake, Jonathan M.; Lim, Chin Leong; Briskey, David; Walsh, Neil P.; Fortes, Matthew B.; Ahuja, Kiran; Vitetta, Luis

doi:10.1007/s00421-013-2748-y

Cited by 158 publications

(259 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…There also are a number of animal studies [20,21] and clinical trials [22,23,24,25,26,27] demonstrating the efficacy of different probiotics in repairing or preventing damage to epithelial barriers caused by different diseases or other stressors.…”

Section: Indirect Effects: 1) Repair Of Hyperpermeable Epithelial Barmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotics as regulators of inflammation: A review

Lescheid¹

2014

FFHD

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A substantial and increasing body of clinical evidence supports the role of specific strains and mixtures of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of certain diseases. Several general mechanisms of action have been proposed, including supporting repair of hyperpermeable epithelial barriers, interfering with infection by pathogens, and restoring a healthful balance of commensal microbes to affect metabolism. Emerging evidence supports an additional role of probiotics as important modulators of immune system responses, including inflammation, at mucosal surfaces. In particular, by preventing or repairing ‘leaky’ epithelial barriers, probiotics can indirectly affect the inflammatory response by negating the source of pro-inflammatory stimuli associated with low-grade endotoxemia. They also enhance production of short chain fatty acids with anti-inflammatory properties (e.g. butyrate) as well as increase synthesis of antimicrobial peptides that influence inflammation resolution pathways in the mucosa. Furthermore, probiotics and some of their secreted metabolic products can act as ligands for innate immune system receptors, directly influencing key pro-inflammatory pathways. They also stimulate the differentiation and activity of important immune cells (e.g., dendritic cells, T cells), and subsequently increase production of important regulatory cytokines, including interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-b). Finally, there are limited but increasing animal studies and clinical trials demonstrating probiotics do affect common biomarkers of inflammation, including C-reactive protein, as well as signs and symptoms of the associated diseases suggesting they can have therapeutic benefit in the treatment of chronic inflammatory disease.Keywords: probiotics, inflammation, endotoxemia, epithelial, cytokines, immune, butyrate, antimicrobial peptides

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Section: Indirect Effects: 1) Repair Of Hyperpermeable Epithelial Barmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotics as regulators of inflammation: A review

Lescheid¹

2014

FFHD

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“…Intestinal damage may also increase bacterial translocation from the lumen to systemic circulation, increasing susceptibility to pathogens and risk of endotoxaemia. Maintaining intestinal integrity during exercise holds promise as a strategy to enhance exercise performance and recovery (Shing et al 2014;Szymanski et al 2018) and immune surveillance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal damage following short-duration exercise at the same relative intensity is similar in temperate and hot environments

Sheahen

Fell

Zadow

et al. 2018

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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Increasing temperature and exercise disrupt tight junctions of the gastrointestinal tract although the contribution of environmental temperature to intestinal damage when exercising is unknown. This study investigated the effect of 2 different environmental temperatures on intestinal damage when exercising at the same relative intensity. Twelve men (mean ± SD; body mass, 81.98 ± 7.95 kg; height, 182.6 ± 7.4 cm) completed randomised cycling trials (45 min, 70% maximal oxygen uptake) in 30 °C/40% relative humidity (RH) and 20 °C/40%RH. A subset of participants (n = 5) also completed a seated passive trial (30 °C/40%RH). Rectal temperature and thermal sensation (TSS) were recorded during each trial and venous blood samples collected at pre- and post-trial for the analysis of intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP) level as a marker of intestinal damage. Oxygen uptake was similar between 30 °C and 20 °C exercise trials, as intended (p = 0.94). I-FABP increased after exercise at 30 °C (pre-exercise: 585 ± 188 pg·mL; postexercise: 954 ± 411 pg·mL) and 20 °C (pre-exercise: 571 ± 175 pg·mL; postexercise: 852 ± 317 pg·mL) (p < 0.0001) but the magnitude of damage was similar between temperatures (p = 0.58). There was no significant increase in I-FABP concentration following passive heat exposure (p = 0.59). Rectal temperature increased during exercise trials (p < 0.001), but not the passive trial (p = 0.084). TSS increased more when exercising in 30 °C compared with 20 °C (p < 0.001). There was an increase in TSS during the passive heat trial (p = 0.03). Intestinal damage, as measured by I-FABP, following exercise in the heat was similar to when exercising in a cooler environment at the same relative intensity. Passive heat exposure did not increase I-FABP. It is suggested that when exercising in conditions of compensable heat stress, the increase in intestinal damage is predominantly attributable to the exercise component, rather than environmental conditions.

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“…For instance, GF mice exhibited less endurance to swimming test, and reduced weight of muscles [31]. Human runners with supplementation of multi-strain probiotics demonstrated increased run time to fatigue in heat [32]. In other practices, probiotics is found to modulate exercise performance through multiple mechanisms, including inflammation, oxidative stress and gut-intestinal integrity [33][34][35][36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Mechanisms of Exercise: Effects on Gut Miccrobiota and Depression

Yuan

Rocha²,

Paes³

et al. 2015

CNSNDDT

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Microbiota is a set of microorganisms resident in gut ecosystem that reacts to psychological stressful stimuli, and is involved in depressed or anxious status in both animals and human being. Interestingly, a series of studies have shown the effects of physical exercise on gut microbiota dynamics, suggesting that gut microbiota regulation might act as one mediator for the effects of exercise on the brain. Recent studies found that gut microbiota dynamics are also regulated by metabolism changes, such as through physical exercise or diet change. Interestingly, physical exercise modulates different population of gut bacteria in compared to food restriction or rich diet, and alleviates gut syndromes to toxin intake. Gut microbiota could as well contribute to the beneficial effects of exercise on cognition and emotion, either directly through serotonin signaling or indirectly by modulating metabolism and exercise performance.

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Effects of probiotics supplementation on gastrointestinal permeability, inflammation and exercise performance in the heat

Abstract: Four weeks of supplementation with a multi-strain probiotic increased running time to fatigue in the heat. Further studies are required to elucidate the exact mechanisms for this performance benefit.

Cited by 158 publications

References 45 publications

Probiotics as regulators of inflammation: A review

Probiotics as regulators of inflammation: A review

Intestinal damage following short-duration exercise at the same relative intensity is similar in temperate and hot environments

Neural Mechanisms of Exercise: Effects on Gut Miccrobiota and Depression

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