Effects of Probiotics on Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials

Jiménez, Carmen Tenorio; Martínez-Ramírez, M.J.; Gil, Ángel; Gómez-Llorente, Carolina

doi:10.3390/nu12010124

Cited by 86 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Leaky gut and ensuing endotoxemia and adipose tissue-related inflammation may generate hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, which are essential to initiate a sequence of pathophysiological events in obesity [201]. Diets poor in fibers or vitamins and rich in high-calorie nutrients, such as the Western diet, together with lack of physical activity, will negatively regulate energy metabolism and, hence, contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome [202], including obesity, visceral adipose tissue deposition [203], glucose intolerance, pre-diabetes and type-2 diabetes [204], dyslipidemia [205], hypertension [206], atherogenic inflammation [207] and cardiovascular disorders [208] up to the onset of cognitive impairment [209] and behavioral disorders. Results from many different laboratories, together with a plethora of epidemiological data, point to the control of the diet-microbiota-eCB(ome)-gut-brain axis as a major predictor of healthy metabolism.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity Affects the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis and the Regulation Thereof by Endocannabinoids and Related Mediators

Forte

Fernández-Rilo

Palomba

et al. 2020

IJMS

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The hypothalamus regulates energy homeostasis by integrating environmental and internal signals to produce behavioral responses to start or stop eating. Many satiation signals are mediated by microbiota-derived metabolites coming from the gastrointestinal tract and acting also in the brain through a complex bidirectional communication system, the microbiota–gut–brain axis. In recent years, the intestinal microbiota has emerged as a critical regulator of hypothalamic appetite-related neuronal networks. Obesogenic high-fat diets (HFDs) enhance endocannabinoid levels, both in the brain and peripheral tissues. HFDs change the gut microbiota composition by altering the Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio and causing endotoxemia mainly by rising the levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the most potent immunogenic component of Gram-negative bacteria. Endotoxemia induces the collapse of the gut and brain barriers, interleukin 1β (IL1β)- and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-mediated neuroinflammatory responses and gliosis, which alter the appetite-regulatory circuits of the brain mediobasal hypothalamic area delimited by the median eminence. This review summarizes the emerging state-of-the-art evidence on the function of the “expanded endocannabinoid (eCB) system” or endocannabinoidome at the crossroads between intestinal microbiota, gut-brain communication and host metabolism; and highlights the critical role of this intersection in the onset of obesity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity Affects the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis and the Regulation Thereof by Endocannabinoids and Related Mediators

Forte

Fernández-Rilo

Palomba

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…However, a personalized intervention plan with probiotics, prebiotics, or symbiotics should be applied to control the dysbiosis associated with obesity and metabolic disorders because of the complexity of each individual clinical case [ 11 , 12 ]. The selection of the right complementary treatment based on the probiotic formula is still far from being protocolized due to the discrete clinical improvements achieved as a consequence of the complexity of metabolic diseases [ 13 ] and the lack of integration data on probiotics, microbiota, and metabolites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotic Strains and Intervention Total Doses for Modulating Obesity-Related Microbiota Dysbiosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

et al. 2020

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Obesity is a growing health threat worldwide. Administration of probiotics in obesity has also parallelly increased but without any protocolization. We conducted a systematic review exploring the administration pattern of probiotic strains and effective doses for obesity-related disorders according to their capacity of positively modulating key biomarkers and microbiota dysbiosis. Manuscripts targeting probiotic strains and doses administered for obesity-related disorders in clinical studies were sought. MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched using keywords during the last fifteen years up to April 2020. Two independent reviewers screened titles, abstracts, and then full-text papers against inclusion criteria according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. From 549 interventional reports identified, we filtered 171 eligible studies, from which 24 full-text assays were used for calculating intervention total doses (ITD) of specific species and strains administered. Nine of these reports were excluded in the second-step because no specific data on gut microbiota modulation was found. Six clinical trials (CT) and 9 animal clinical studies were retained for analysis of complete outcome prioritized (body mass index (BMI), adiposity parameters, glucose, and plasma lipid biomarkers, and gut hormones). Lactobacillus spp. administered were double compared to Bifidobacterium spp.; Lactobacillus as single or multispecies formulations whereas most Bifidobacteria only through multispecies supplementations. Differential factors were estimated from obese populations’ vs. obesity-induced animals: ITD ratio of 2 × 106 CFU and patterns of administrations of 11.3 weeks to 5.5 weeks, respectively. Estimation of overall probiotics impact from selected CT was performed through a random-effects model to pool effect sizes. Comparisons showed a positive association between the probiotics group vs. placebo on the reduction of BMI, total cholesterol, leptin, and adiponectin. Moreover, negative estimation appeared for glucose (FPG) and CRP. While clinical trials including data for positive modulatory microbiota capacities suggested that high doses of common single and multispecies of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium ameliorated key obesity-related parameters, the major limitation was the high variability between studies and lack of standardized protocols. Efforts in solving this problem and searching for next-generation probiotics for obesity-related diseases would highly improve the rational use of probiotics.

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“…The growing body of reports describing the diet-GM-host health relation has resulted in researches concerning the use of microbial remodeling strategies in the treatment of metabolic diseases. The recent systematic review on six RCTs study conducted by Tenorio-Jiménez et al [189] evaluated that the probiotics intake in patients with MetS might improve some clinical parameters, such as body mass index, blood pressure, glucose metabolism, lipid profile, and inflammatory biomarkers, but these beneficial effects seem to be clinically non-relevant [189]. However, it should be emphasized that the available data are still insufficient to recommend the supply of probiotics and/or prebiotics to all patients suffering from metabolic disorders explicitly.…”

Section: Tryptophan-derived Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

You Are What You Eat—The Relationship between Diet, Microbiota, and Metabolic Disorders—A Review

2020

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The gut microbiota (GM) is defined as the community of microorganisms (bacteria, archaea, fungi, viruses) colonizing the gastrointestinal tract. GM regulates various metabolic pathways in the host, including those involved in energy homeostasis, glucose and lipid metabolism, and bile acid metabolism. The relationship between alterations in intestinal microbiota and diseases associated with civilization is well documented. GM dysbiosis is involved in the pathogenesis of diverse diseases, such as metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and neurological disorders. Multiple factors modulate the composition of the microbiota and how it physically functions, but one of the major factors triggering GM establishment is diet. In this paper, we reviewed the current knowledge about the relationship between nutrition, gut microbiota, and host metabolic status. We described how macronutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, fat) and different dietary patterns (e.g., Western-style diet, vegetarian diet, Mediterranean diet) interact with the composition and activity of GM, and how gut bacterial dysbiosis has an influence on metabolic disorders, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hyperlipidemia.

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Effects of Probiotics on Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials

Cited by 86 publications

References 31 publications

Obesity Affects the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis and the Regulation Thereof by Endocannabinoids and Related Mediators

Obesity Affects the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis and the Regulation Thereof by Endocannabinoids and Related Mediators

Probiotic Strains and Intervention Total Doses for Modulating Obesity-Related Microbiota Dysbiosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

You Are What You Eat—The Relationship between Diet, Microbiota, and Metabolic Disorders—A Review

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