Effects of probiotics on experimental necrotizing enterocolitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Athalye-Jape, Gayatri; Rao, Shripada; Patole, Sanjay

doi:10.1038/pr.2017.218

Cited by 36 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…For this reason, meta-analyses will often contain a funnel plot, an asymmetry of which is a way of determining publication bias [ 126 ]. Funnel plots for probiotic studies have generally shown no publication bias for probiotics in most of the conditions described, such as NEC prevention [ 127 ], IBS improvement [ 128 ], H. pylori eradication [ 129 ], and amelioration of infant colic [ 130 ]. Nevertheless, there is much work to do in identifying optimal strains and using meta-analysis to prove the effect size of the disease (which in some cases may be significant, but only minor).…”

Section: “Polarization” Within the Medical Community Regarding Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotics in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disorders

2018

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Probiotics have been used to ameliorate gastrointestinal symptoms since ancient times. Over the past 40 years, probiotics have been shown to impact the immune system, both in vivo and in vitro. This interaction is linked to gut microbes, their polysaccharide antigens, and key metabolites produced by these bacteria. At least four metabolic pathways have been implicated in mechanistic studies of probiotics, based on mechanistic studies in animal models. Microbial–immune system crosstalk has been linked to: short-chain fatty acid production and signaling, tryptophan metabolism and the activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptors, nucleoside signaling in the gut, and activation of the intestinal histamine-2 receptor. Several randomized controlled trials have now shown that microbial modification by probiotics may improve gastrointestinal symptoms and multiorgan inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, and multiple sclerosis. Future work will need to carefully assess safety issues, selection of optimal strains and combinations, and attempts to prolong the duration of colonization of beneficial microbes.

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Section: “Polarization” Within the Medical Community Regarding Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotics in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disorders

2018

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“…Studies specifically with Lactobacillus GG administered as a treatment modality, during acute rotavirus infections with diarrhea has been reported and associated with higher titres of polymeric immunoglobulin A to the infections with rotavirus ( 119 , 120 ). Additionally, significant experimental and clinical studies have reported the efficacy for reducing the incidence of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis with the administration of Lactobalcilli and Bifidobacteria ( 121 , 122 ). Increased efficacy of probiotics have recently been reported to significantly decrease the risk of developing clinical complications related with necrotizing enterocolitis and sepsis; decrease mortality and length of hospital stay; as well as promote neonatal weight increases in very low birth weight infants ( 123 ).…”

Section: Probioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological Tolerance and Function: Associations Between Intestinal Bacteria, Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Phages

2018

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Post-birth there is a bacterial assault on all mucosal surfaces. The intestinal microbiome is an important participant in health and disease. The pattern of composition and concentration of the intestinal microbiome varies greatly. Therefore, achieving immunological tolerance in the first 3–4 years of life is critical for maintaining health throughout a lifetime. Probiotic bacteria are organisms that afford beneficial health effects to the host and in certain instances may protect against the development of disease. The potential benefits of modifying the composition of the intestinal microbial cohort for therapeutic benefit is evident in the use in high risks groups such as premature infants, children receiving antibiotics, rotavirus infections in non-vaccinated children and traveler's diarrhea in adults. Probiotics and prebiotics are postulated to have immunomodulating capabilities by influencing the intestinal microbial cohort and dampening the activity of pathobiont intestinal microbes, such as Klebsiella pneumonia and Clostridia perfringens. Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria are examples of probiotics found in the large intestine and so far, the benefits afforded to probiotics have varied in efficacy. Most likely the efficacy of probiotic bacteria has a multifactorial dependency, namely on a number of factors that include agents used, the dose, the pattern of dosing, and the characteristics of the host and the underlying luminal microbial environment and the activity of bacteriophages. Bacteriophages, are small viruses that infect and lyse intestinal bacteria. As such it can be posited that these viruses display an effective local protective control mechanism for the intestinal barrier against commensal pathobionts that indirectly may assist the host in controlling bacterial concentrations in the gut. A co-operative activity may be envisaged between the intestinal epithelia, mucosal immunity and the activity of bacteriophages to eliminate pathobiots, highlighting the potential role of bacteriophages in assisting with maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Hence bacteriophage local control of inflammation and immune responses may be an additional immunological defense mechanism that exploits bacteriophage–mucin glycoprotein interactions that controls bacterial diversity and abundance in the mucin layers of the gut. Moreover, and importantly the efficacy of probiotics may be dependent on the symbiotic incorporation of prebiotics, and the abundance and diversity of the intestinal microbiome encountered. The virome may be an important factor that determines the efficacy of some probiotic formulations.

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“…eczema but not in rheumatoid arthritis. [16][17][18][19][20] There has also been a clinical trial reporting that administration of Bifidobacterium mixture may attenuate dry eye syndrome. 21 IRT5 is a probiotic mixture of five strains that includes Bifidobacterium bifidum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus reuteri, and Streptococcus thermophilus.…”

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confidence: 99%

IRT5 Probiotics Changes Immune Modulatory Protein Expression in the Extraorbital Lacrimal Glands of an Autoimmune Dry Eye Mouse Model

Choi

Ryu

et al. 2020

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Purpose While the association between the gut microbiome and the immune system has been studied in autoimmune disorders, little is known about ocular disease. Previously we reported that IRT5, a mixture of five probiotic strains, could suppress autoimmune dry eye. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which IRT5 performs its immunomodulatory function in a mouse model of autoimmune dry eye. Methods NOD.B10.H2b mice were used as an autoimmune dry eye model. Either IRT5 or PBS was gavaged orally for 3 weeks, with or without 5 days of antibiotic pretreatment. The effects on clinical features, extraorbital lacrimal gland and spleen proteins, and fecal microbiota were analyzed. Results The ocular staining score was lower, and tear secretion was higher, in the IRT5-treated groups than in the PBS-treated groups. After IRT5 treatment, the downregulated lacrimal gland proteins were enriched in the biological processes of defense response and immune system process. The relative abundances of 33 operational taxonomic units were higher, and 53 were lower, in the feces of the IRT5-treated groups than in those of the PBS-treated groups. IRT5 administration without antibiotic pretreatment also showed immunomodulatory functions with increases in the Lactobacillus helveticus group and Lactobacillus hamsteri . Additional proteomic assays revealed a decrease of proteins related to antigen-presenting processes in the CD11b + and CD11c + cells of spleen in the IRT5-treated groups. Conclusions Changes in the gut microbiome after IRT5 treatment improved clinical manifestations in the autoimmune dry eye model via the downregulation of antigen-presenting processes in immune networks.

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Effects of probiotics on experimental necrotizing enterocolitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 36 publications

References 91 publications

Probiotics in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disorders

Probiotics in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disorders

Immunological Tolerance and Function: Associations Between Intestinal Bacteria, Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Phages

IRT5 Probiotics Changes Immune Modulatory Protein Expression in the Extraorbital Lacrimal Glands of an Autoimmune Dry Eye Mouse Model

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