Effects of Prior Cognitive Exertion on Physical Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Brown, D. H.; Graham, Jeffrey D.; Innes, Kira I.; Harris, Sheereen; Flemington, Ashley; Bray, Steven R.

doi:10.1007/s40279-019-01204-8

Cited by 135 publications

(193 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…All participants were healthy, as determined by a University approved general health questionnaire. A power calculation (G ∗ Power version 3.1; Faul et al, 2007 ) with power = 0.95 and α = 0.05 (ANOVA repeated measures, within factors), specified a minimum sample size of N = 23 would be satisfactory to detect a medium effect size (0.40), which is representative of previous self-control studies ( Giboin and Wolff, 2019 ; Brown et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The capacity to exert self-control can differ both between individuals (i.e., trait self-control), as well as across situations within the same individual (i.e., state self-control; Tangney et al, 2004 ). Concerning state self-control, recent meta-analytic evidence has emphasized that the initial exertion of self-control on one task, impairs performance on a subsequent, ostensibly unrelated task also requiring self-control ( Hagger et al, 2010 ; Dang, 2017 ; Giboin and Wolff, 2019 ; Brown et al, 2020 ). However, a Registered Replication Report did not find support for this depletion effect ( Hagger and Chatzisarantis, 2016 ); with some researchers suggesting that publication bias may have led to an overestimation of the size of the effect ( Carter et al, 2015 ; Wolff et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within the literature to date, the completion of various self-control tasks (e.g., completing an incongruent Stroop task, transcribing a neutral text while omitting the letters “e” and “n,” suppressing emotions during an upsetting movie) have impaired performance on subsequent physical tasks including a wall-sit task ( Boat et al, 2018 ), cycling performance ( Wagstaff, 2014 ; Englert and Wolff, 2015 ; Boat et al, 2017 ), press-up and sit-up tasks ( Dorris et al, 2012 ), as well as skill-based tasks ( Englert and Bertrams, 2012 ; McEwan et al, 2013 ). While it is important to note that there is some contrasting research ( Hagger and Chatzisarantis, 2016 ), overall the evidence base suggests that self-control exertion seems to have a negative effect on subsequent physical performance ( Giboin and Wolff, 2019 ; Brown et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Manipulation of the Duration of the Initial Self-Control Task Within the Sequential-Task Paradigm: Effect on Exercise Performance

et al. 2020

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Self-control exertion on an initial task has been associated with impaired performance on subsequent physical tasks also requiring self-control; an effect suggested to be mediated by changes in perceptions of pain and motivation. However, the effects of spending longer on the initial self-control task are unknown. This study, therefore, explored the potential for the duration of the initial self-control task to influence subsequent physical performance, perceptions of pain, and perceived motivation; particularly during the early stages of the physical task. In a within-subject design, 29 participants (11 male, 18 female) completed a wall-sit task until volitional exhaustion, on four separate occasions. Prior to each wall-sit, participants completed either a non-self-control task (congruent Stroop task) for 4 min, or a self-control task (incongruent Stroop task) for 4 (short duration), 8 (medium duration), or 16 (long duration) min. Participant’s perceptions of pain and motivation were recorded every 30 s during the wall-sit. Wall-sit performance time was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and perceptions of pain and motivation analyzed using multi-level modeling. Wall-sit performance time was significantly longer on the non-self-control exertion trial compared to all other trials (all p < 0.01), as well as longer on both the short duration and medium duration self-control exertion trials compared to the long duration self-control exertion trial (both p < 0.001). Perceptions of initial (at 30 s) pain and motivation were different between the trials (main effect of trial: pain, p = 0.001; motivation, p < 0.001); whereby longer durations of self-control exertion increased perceptions of pain and decreased motivation. The decrease in motivation during the wall-sit task was greater on the long duration self-control exertion trial compared to all other trials (trial ∗ time interactions, all p < 0.05). The present study provides novel evidence that spending longer on the initial self-control task led to greater detrimental effects on subsequent wall-sit performance time. Furthermore, longer duration self-control exertion tasks led to increased perceptions of pain and decreased motivation within the first 30 s of the wall-sit task, as well as a greater decrease in motivation across the wall-sit task. These attentional and motivational shifts may explain performance decrements following the exertion of self-control.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Manipulation of the Duration of the Initial Self-Control Task Within the Sequential-Task Paradigm: Effect on Exercise Performance

et al. 2020

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“…Thus participation in fatigue-inducing physical, mental and functional activities may affect motivation and task self-efficacy, thus leading to impaired abilities to engage in adequate levels of physical activities [45,46]. A recent systematic review and meta-analysis concluded that cognitive effort rather than duration of cognitive task may be more important with regards to eliciting negative carryover effects associated with mental activity [47].…”

Section: Fatigue Dimensions and Mental Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal associations between physical activity, mental activity and fatigue dimensions in knee osteoarthritis: an exploratory intensive longitudinal study

Fawole

Dell’Isola

Steultjens

et al. 2020

Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior

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Background: Fatigue may include both physical and mental dimensions. Evidence suggests that physical and mental activity may influence fatigue in knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, how physical and mental activities relate to fatigue dimensions in knee OA is unclear. Purpose: This study estimated intra-day contributions of physical and mental fatigue to general fatigue and evaluated temporal associations between physical activity, mental activity and fatigue dimensions in knee OA. Methods: An intensive longitudinal study combined with ecological momentary assessment of mental activity intensity and fatigue dimensions was conducted on 23 participants with knee OA. Physical activity was monitored continuously with an accelerometer over seven days. Results: Physical fatigue contributed 33% more to general fatigue earlier in the day than mental fatigue, and 11% more near the end of the day. Within-day, previous general fatigue significantly and negatively predicted future step counts, light intensity physical activity time and light intensity physical activity + standing time. We found a significant bidirectional association between mental activity and general fatigue, a positive association between mental activity and mental fatigue and a significant negative association between mental fatigue and mental activity. Conclusions: Within-day general fatigue may be a significant fatigue dimension that reduces physical activity. Conversely there was no evidence that physical activity might contribute to lower scores on any fatigue dimensions in this population. To manage general fatigue, 3 | P a g e physical and mental fatigue might have to be targeted more precisely at different time of the day.

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“…For example, it has been suggested that the effort one experiences while applying self-control serves as a signal to indicate the costs of one's current action and serves as a prompt to withhold further effort [26]. In line with this, a large body of research on the ego-depletion effect has shown that prior self-control exertion leads to impaired subsequent performance in non-sporting [27] as well as in sporting tasks [28,29]. For example, Englert and Bertrams [30] showed that participants who had completed a self-control-demanding task prior to a basketball free-throw test performed worse than participants who had not worked on a self-control-demanding task.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

On Your Mark, Get Set, Self-Control, Go: A Differentiated View on the Cortical Hemodynamics of Self-Control during Sprint Start

2020

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Most sports are self-control demanding. For example, during a sprint start, athletes have to respond as fast as possible to the start signal (action initiation) while suppressing the urge to start too early (action inhibition). Here, we examined the cortical hemodynamic response to these demands by measuring activity in the two lateral prefrontal cortices (lPFC), a central area for self-control processes. We analyzed activity within subregions of the lPFC, while subjects performed a sprint start, and we assessed if activation varied as a function of hemisphere and gender. In a counterbalanced within-subject design, 39 participants (age: mean (M) = 22.44, standard deviation (SD) = 5.28, 22 women) completed four sprint start conditions (blocks). In each block, participants focused on inhibition (avoid false start), initiation (start fast), no start (do not start) and a combined condition (start fast; avoid false start). We show that oxyhemoglobin in the lPFC increased after the set signal and this increase did not differ between experimental conditions. Increased activation was primarily observed in ventral areas of the lPFC, but only in males, and this increase did not vary between hemispheres. This study provides further support for the involvement of the ventral lPFC during a sprint start, while highlighting gender differences in the processing of sprint start-induced self-control demands.

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Effects of Prior Cognitive Exertion on Physical Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Cited by 135 publications

References 114 publications

Manipulation of the Duration of the Initial Self-Control Task Within the Sequential-Task Paradigm: Effect on Exercise Performance

Manipulation of the Duration of the Initial Self-Control Task Within the Sequential-Task Paradigm: Effect on Exercise Performance

Temporal associations between physical activity, mental activity and fatigue dimensions in knee osteoarthritis: an exploratory intensive longitudinal study

On Your Mark, Get Set, Self-Control, Go: A Differentiated View on the Cortical Hemodynamics of Self-Control during Sprint Start

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