Effects of previous infection, vaccination, and hybrid immunity against symptomatic Alpha, Beta, and Delta SARS-CoV-2 infections: an observational study

Altarawneh, Heba N.; Chemaitelly, Hiam; Ayoub, Houssein H.; Tang, Patrick; Hasan, Mohammad R.; Yassine, Hadi M.; Al-Khatib, Hebah A.; Thani, Asmaa A. Al; Coyle, Peter; Al‐Kanaani, Zaina; Kuwari, Einas Al; Jeremijenko, Andrew; Kaleeckal, Anvar Hassan; Latif, Ali Nizar; Shaik, Riyazuddin Mohammad; Abdul-Rahim, Hanan F.; Nasrallah, Gheyath K.; Al‐Kuwari, Mohamed Ghaith; Butt, Adeel A.; Al-Romaihi, Hamad Eid; Al-Thani, Mohamed H.; Al‐Khal, Abdullatif; Bertollini, Roberto; Abu‐Raddad, Laith J.

doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104734

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The Janssen data also provided sufficient cases to estimate the hazard ratio for hybrid immunity compared to NPI and placebo at 0.02 (0.01, 0.05), consistent with 0.03 hybrid protection predicted by Altarawneh et al. 31 and reported by Sadoff et al. 44 This makes protection from hybrid immunity with Janssen more comparable to the two-dose vaccines, which already take advantage of priming, though possibly with a shorter interval between prime and boost compared to PI Janssen recipients.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

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Risk of COVID-19 after natural infection or vaccination

Rick,

Laurens,

Huang

et al. 2023

eBioMedicine

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Our estimates of up to 92% protection conferred by natural infection are comparable to other studies examining reinfection risk. 9 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 However, this protection likely varies based on the timing of previous exposure and circulating variant. For example, Altarawneh et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of COVID-19 after natural infection or vaccination

Rick,

Laurens,

Huang

et al. 2023

eBioMedicine

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“…This involves combining the immunity acquired from previous infections with the immunity provided by vaccination. Studies suggest that hybrid immunity might offer more robust protection against various variants, including BA.2.86 20 , 21 .…”

Section: Novel Treatment Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The emergence and implications of SARS-CoV-2 omicron subvariant BA.2.86 on global health

Satapathy,

Kumar,

Gupta

et al. 2024

International Journal of Surgery

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The SARS-CoV-2 subvariant BA.2.86 “Pirola”, first identified in Denmark in August 2023, has manifested with a significantly mutated spike protein profile, suggesting a heightened ability to evade vaccine- and infection-induced antibodies. This article outlines the epidemiological spread, immune response implications, and global responses to BA.2.86. Preliminary observations indicate community transmissions of the subvariant, even among those previously infected or vaccinated. Notably, the BA.2.86 infection has shown potential to amplify antibody responses. The variant’s emergence has evoked memories of the Omicron variant’s rise in late 2021, though global immunity levels might modulate BA.2.86’s impact differently. Continuous genomic surveillance, coupled with integrated diagnostic and epidemiological strategies, proves crucial in early detection and management. The emergence of BA.2.86 reaffirms the unpredictable nature of the COVID-19 pandemic, emphasizing the need for ongoing research, adaptability, and global collaboration.

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Section: Clinical Severitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite variations in the level of immunity provided by previous infection, immunization, or a combination of both (hybrid immunity), all three types (natural, vaccination, hybrid) provided over 90% effectiveness in minimizing clinical severity, irrespective of the viral strain involved [91][92][93]. Therefore, the evidence confirms the robust nature of any type of immunity in defending against severe forms of the infection and indicates that when breakthrough infections occur, they are unlikely to result in severe outcomes [83,91]. This is consistent with other studies that suggest that the likelihood of severe manifestations in reinfections is approximately 90% lower than in primary infections, and that the protection provided by vaccination against severe COVID-19 persists beyond its protection against mere infection [83,91].…”

Section: Clinical Severitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Prior COVID-19 Immunization and/or Prior Infection on Immune Responses and Clinical Outcomes

Livieratos,

Gogos,

Akinosoglou

2024

Viruses

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Cellular and humoral immunity exhibit dynamic adaptation to the mutating SARS-CoV-2 virus. It is noteworthy that immune responses differ significantly, influenced by whether a patient has received vaccination or whether there is co-occurrence of naturally acquired and vaccine-induced immunity, known as hybrid immunity. The different immune reactions, conditional on vaccination status and the viral variant involved, bear implications for inflammatory responses, patient outcomes, pathogen transmission rates, and lingering post-COVID conditions. Considering these developments, we have performed a review of recently published literature, aiming to disentangle the intricate relationships among immunological profiles, transmission, the long-term health effects post-COVID infection poses, and the resultant clinical manifestations. This investigation is directed toward understanding the variability in the longevity and potency of cellular and humoral immune responses elicited by immunization and hybrid infection.

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Effects of previous infection, vaccination, and hybrid immunity against symptomatic Alpha, Beta, and Delta SARS-CoV-2 infections: an observational study

Cited by 18 publications

References 51 publications

Risk of COVID-19 after natural infection or vaccination

Risk of COVID-19 after natural infection or vaccination

The emergence and implications of SARS-CoV-2 omicron subvariant BA.2.86 on global health

Impact of Prior COVID-19 Immunization and/or Prior Infection on Immune Responses and Clinical Outcomes

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