Effects of Preterm Birth on the Kidney

Black, Mary Jane; Sutherland, Megan R.; Gubhaju, Lina

doi:10.5772/26471

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 158 publications

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“…Morphologically abnormal glomeruli, characterized by cystic dilation of the Bowman's space and shrunken glomerular tufts in the superficial renal cortex, were documented in preterm baboons, lambs as well as infants 9,10,64,65 . These glomeruli are the last to be formed and believed to result from an accelerated adaptation to the extrauterine environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulin-like Growth Factot-1 Supplementation Promotes Kidney Development and Alleviate Renal Inflammation in Preterm Pigs

Zhong

Thymann

Sangild

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: Preterm birth and its associated complications cause disruption of normal prenatal renal development, leading to postnatal kidney injury and failure. Preterm infants are deficient in insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), a critical growth factor that stimulates tissue perfusion and development. Using necrotizing enterocolitis-sensitive preterm pigs as a model for preterm infants, we investigated whether IGF-1 supplementation during early life could improve kidney development and health. Methods: Caesarean-delivered preterm pigs were allocated into two groups, either consistently receiving vehicle or IGF-1 immediately after birth for 5, 9 or 19 days. Postnatal age-matched term pigs were selected and served as term control on postnatal day (PND) 5, 9, and 19. Blood, urine and kidney tissue were collected for biochemical, histological and gene expression analyses. Results: Preterm pigs showed impaired kidney development and increased kidney insults, as indicated by reduced average glomerular area, increased abnormal glomeruli percentage and increased markers of renal injury and inflammation compared to term pigs. IGF-1 supplementation significantly reduced the abnormal glomeruli percentage, renal injury and inflammation related markers, and up-regulated certain maturation-related genes on PND5. Conclusion: IGF-1 supplementation supports kidney maturation and restoration of kidney insults after preterm birth in the early life of newborns.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulin-like Growth Factot-1 Supplementation Promotes Kidney Development and Alleviate Renal Inflammation in Preterm Pigs

Zhong

Thymann

Sangild

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…It functions by reabsorbing nutrients and excreting waste and excess fluid in the form of urine. In humans, nephrogenesis starts at around 5 weeks of gestation and completes between weeks 34 and 36 (Black et al, 2012). Environmental factors, such as vitamin A deficiency or exposure to teratogenic substances such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, among others, can affect proper kidney development (Rosselot et al, 2010; Al-Maawali et al, 2012).…”

Section: Kidney Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling congenital kidney diseases in Xenopus laevis

Blackburn

Miller

2019

Disease Models &Amp; Mechanisms

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Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) occur in ∼1/500 live births and are a leading cause of pediatric kidney failure. With an average wait time of 3-5 years for a kidney transplant, the need is high for the development of new strategies aimed at reducing the incidence of CAKUT and preserving renal function. Next-generation sequencing has uncovered a significant number of putative causal genes, but a simple and efficient model system to examine the function of CAKUT genes is needed. Xenopus laevis (frog) embryos are well-suited to model congenital kidney diseases and to explore the mechanisms that cause these developmental defects. Xenopus has many advantages for studying the kidney: the embryos develop externally and are easily manipulated with microinjections, they have a functional kidney in ∼2 days, and 79% of identified human disease genes have a verified ortholog in Xenopus . This facilitates high-throughput screening of candidate CAKUT-causing genes. In this Review, we present the similarities between Xenopus and mammalian kidneys, highlight studies of CAKUT-causing genes in Xenopus and describe how common kidney diseases have been modeled successfully in this model organism . Additionally, we discuss several molecular pathways associated with kidney disease that have been studied in Xenopus and demonstrate why it is a useful model for studying human kidney diseases.

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“…Fetal renal development and imaging landmarks. References 53,54. [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal hyperechoic kidneys: Diagnostic considerations and genetic testing strategies

Hertenstein,

Miller,

Estroff

et al. 2024

Prenatal Diagnosis

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Isolated bilateral hyperechoic kidneys (HEK) on prenatal ultrasound presents diagnostic, prognostic, and counseling challenges. Prognosis ranges from normal outcome to lethal postnatally. Presence/absence of extra‐renal malformations, gestational age at presentation, amniotic fluid volume, and renal size may distinguish underlying etiologies and thereby prognosis, as prognosis is highly dependent upon underlying etiology. An underlying genetic diagnosis, clearly impactful, is determined in only 55%–60% of cases. We conducted a literature review of chromosomal (aneuploidies, copy number variants [CNVs]) single genes and other etiologies of fetal bilateral HEK, summarized how this information informs prognosis and recurrence risk, and critically assessed laboratory testing strategies. The most commonly identified etiologies are autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and microdeletions at 17q12 involving HNF1b. With rapid gene discovery, alongside advances in prenatal imaging and fetal phenotyping, the growing list of single gene diagnoses includes ciliopathies, overgrowth syndromes, and renal tubular dysgenesis. At present, microarray and gene panels or whole exome sequencing (WES) are first line tests employed for diagnostic evaluation. Whole genome sequencing (WGS), with the ability to detect both single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and CNVs, would be expected to provide the highest diagnostic yield.

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Effects of Preterm Birth on the Kidney

Cited by 3 publications

References 158 publications

Insulin-like Growth Factot-1 Supplementation Promotes Kidney Development and Alleviate Renal Inflammation in Preterm Pigs

Insulin-like Growth Factot-1 Supplementation Promotes Kidney Development and Alleviate Renal Inflammation in Preterm Pigs

Modeling congenital kidney diseases in Xenopus laevis

Fetal hyperechoic kidneys: Diagnostic considerations and genetic testing strategies

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