Effects of pressure and pressure acclimation on activity and oxygen consumption in the bathypelagic mysid Gnathophausia ingens

Mickel, T. J.; Childress, James J.

doi:10.1016/0198-0149(82)90009-7

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The interference can affect cardiac function (Mickel & Childress, 1982 b ; Airriess & Childress, ), with clear implications for aerobic scope. Observed respiratory and cardiac responses to pressure change appear to support the application of the oxygen‐limitation hypothesis to hydrostatic pressure tolerance (George, ; Mickel & Childress, 1982 a ; Robinson, Thatje & Osseforth, ; Brown & Thatje, ; Thatje & Robinson, ), with further consistent indications that voluntary movement and feeding are affected by hyperbaric conditions beyond optimum (Thatje et al , ; Thatje & Robinson, ). Aerobic scope certainly appears the crucial factor setting tolerance limits (Peck et al , , , ; Pörtner, ; Pörtner et al , , ; Brown & Thatje, ; Thatje & Robinson, ).…”

Section: Physiological Limitation By Low Temperature and High Hydrostmentioning

confidence: 65%

Explaining bathymetric diversity patterns in marine benthic invertebrates and demersal fishes: physiological contributions to adaptation of life at depth

2013

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Bathymetric biodiversity patterns of marine benthic invertebrates and demersal fishes have been identified in the extant fauna of the deep continental margins. Depth zonation is widespread and evident through a transition between shelf and slope fauna from the shelf break to 1000 m, and a transition between slope and abyssal fauna from 2000 to 3000 m; these transitions are characterised by high species turnover. A unimodal pattern of diversity with depth peaks between 1000 and 3000 m, despite the relatively low area represented by these depths. Zonation is thought to result from the colonisation of the deep sea by shallow-water organisms following multiple mass extinction events throughout the Phanerozoic. The effects of low temperature and high pressure act across hierarchical levels of biological organisation and appear sufficient to limit the distributions of such shallow-water species. Hydrostatic pressures of bathyal depths have consistently been identified experimentally as the maximum tolerated by shallow-water and upper bathyal benthic invertebrates at in situ temperatures, and adaptation appears required for passage to deeper water in both benthic invertebrates and demersal fishes. Together, this suggests that a hyperbaric and thermal physiological bottleneck at bathyal depths contributes to bathymetric zonation. The peak of the unimodal diversity–depth pattern typically occurs at these depths even though the area represented by these depths is relatively low. Although it is recognised that, over long evolutionary time scales, shallow-water diversity patterns are driven by speciation, little consideration has been given to the potential implications for species distribution patterns with depth. Molecular and morphological evidence indicates that cool bathyal waters are the primary site of adaptive radiation in the deep sea, and we hypothesise that bathymetric variation in speciation rates could drive the unimodal diversity–depth pattern over time. Thermal effects on metabolic-rate-dependent mutation and on generation times have been proposed to drive differences in speciation rates, which result in modern latitudinal biodiversity patterns over time. Clearly, this thermal mechanism alone cannot explain bathymetric patterns since temperature generally decreases with depth. We hypothesise that demonstrated physiological effects of high hydrostatic pressure and low temperature at bathyal depths, acting on shallow-water taxa invading the deep sea, may invoke a stress–evolution mechanism by increasing mutagenic activity in germ cells, by inactivating canalisation during embryonic or larval development, by releasing hidden variation or mutagenic activity, or by activating or releasing transposable elements in larvae or adults. In this scenario, increased variation at a physiological bottleneck at bathyal depths results in elevated speciation rate. Adaptation that increases tolerance to high hydrostatic pressure and low temperature allows colonisation of abyssal depths and reduces the stress–evolution response, ...

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Section: Physiological Limitation By Low Temperature and High Hydrostmentioning

confidence: 65%

Explaining bathymetric diversity patterns in marine benthic invertebrates and demersal fishes: physiological contributions to adaptation of life at depth

2013

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“…It is well known that deep-living pelagic fish and crus taceans have metabolic rates considerably lower than those of shallower-living pelagic species (Childress, 1969(Childress, , 1971b(Childress, , 1975(Childress, , 1977Smith and Hessler, 1974;Torres et al, 1979;Smith, 1978;Smith and Laver, 1981;Cowles, 1987). This reduction is of an order of magnitude or more, and can be only partially accounted for by changes in temperature, pressure, and animal protein content with depth (Childress, 1975;Mickel and Childress, 1982). Lower metabolic rates at depth have generally been attributed to selection for energy conservation due Received 30 October 1987;accepted 31 May 1988. to food limitation at depth Nygaard, 1973, 1974;Bailey and Robison, 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swimming Speed and Oxygen Consumption in the Bathypelagic MysidGnathophausia ingens

Cowles

Childress

1988

The Biological Bulletin

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The energetic costs of swimming were deter mined for the bathypelagic mysid Gnathophausia ingens. Individuals over a large size range spontaneously swam at speeds from 5 to 6.5 cm/s. To maintain this speed, smaller animals swam at much higher relative swimming speeds than did larger animals. Routine rates of oxygen consumption were thus considerably higher in the smaller instars. The relationship between standard rates of oxygen consumption and animal size was slightly less than the standard log-log allometric slope of 0.75. Within the speed range of 0-8 cm/s, oxygen consump tion appeared to increase as a linear function of speed. Cost of transport was very high at low speeds. At 5.5 cm/ s, cost of transport was lower than that measured for other crustaceans, but higher than that of fish. Swim ming efficiency increased with speed. While the lower cost of transport and higher swimming efficiency may contribute to G. ingens ' reduced rates of oxygen con sumption as compared to those of shallower-living crus taceans, the major factor appears to be G. ingens' lower level of swimming activity.

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“…However, studies on a variety of vertically migrating and deeper living pelagic species have indicated that temperature is usually the more critical factor and that these animals show little response of metabolic rates to pressures within the species' normal ranges (Teal 197 1;Smith and Teal 1973;Belman and Gordon 1979;Torres and Childress 1983). In some cases, midwater species do seem to vary their activity and metabolic rates as a function of pressure (Teal 197 1;Childress 1977a;Mickel and Childress 1982); however, the effects do not appear to be typical of most species and are usually modest in magnitude. These previous studies of pressure effects on metabolic rates have been concerned with only three (fishes, crustaceans, and molluscs) of the many important groups of mid-water animals.…”

Section: Acknowledgmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of hydrostatic pressure on metabolic rates of six species of deep‐sea gelatinous zooplankton

Childress

Thuesen

1993

Limnology & Oceanography

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This study addresses the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the metabolic rates of six species of deep‐living (∼500–1,500‐m typical depths) gelatinous zooplankton (three chaetognaths, two hydromedusans, and one polychaete). Metabolic rates were measured at 5°C and the hydrostatic pressure equivalent to that at either 0‐(0.101 MPa) or 1,000‐m depth (10.1 MPa). O2 consumption rate vs. wet weight relationships at the two pressures were compared by ANCOVA for each species separately. Five of the species studied (the chaetognaths and medusans) showed no significant difference in slope or elevation in these relationships, indicating there was no significant effect of hydrostatic pressure on the metabolic rates of these species under the experimental conditions. The metabolic rate relationships of the sixth species, Poeobius meseres, were significantly different in slope, but the lines intersected within the weight range studied so the metabolic rates were not different overall. These data support the validity of measuring the metabolic rates of such species at surface pressures and indicate that metabolic rates of deeper living gelatinous species are relatively insensitive to hydrostatic pressure.

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Effects of pressure and pressure acclimation on activity and oxygen consumption in the bathypelagic mysid Gnathophausia ingens

Cited by 24 publications

References 18 publications

Explaining bathymetric diversity patterns in marine benthic invertebrates and demersal fishes: physiological contributions to adaptation of life at depth

Explaining bathymetric diversity patterns in marine benthic invertebrates and demersal fishes: physiological contributions to adaptation of life at depth

Swimming Speed and Oxygen Consumption in the Bathypelagic MysidGnathophausia ingens

Effects of hydrostatic pressure on metabolic rates of six species of deep‐sea gelatinous zooplankton

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