Effects of Press Wheel Weight and Soil Moisture at Sowing on Grain Yield

Asoodar, M. A.; Bakhshandeh, A.; ., H. Afraseabi; Shafeinia, Alireza

doi:10.3923/ja.2006.278.283

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Many years of research 28] have proven that different models of the optimal structure of the arable horizon correspond to different soil and climatic conditions. Based on our own experience [21,22] and the research of foreign colleagues [11][12][13]25], special attention should be paid to the quality of the preparation of the topsoil and seed layers.…”

Section: Discussion Of Results Of Investigating the Influence Of The ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the quality of processing the soil environment by determining the rational structural and technological parameters for the rolling working bodies

Shevchenko,

Golub,

Tsyvenkova

et al. 2023

EEJET

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The object of this study is the process of soil compaction with ring-spur and ring-tooth rollers. Based on the zonal optimization of the agrophysical parameters of the arable horizon, the influence of the rolling working bodies on the soil environment in terms of creating a uniform set layer density during pre-sowing tillage was investigated. It was established that soil density should be evaluated in a zonal section together with its aggregate composition, humus content, moisture, etc. Smooth-water-filled, ring-tooth, and ring-spur rollers were studied. The use of a smooth water-filled roller in previous studies contributed to the high unevenness of the compaction of the upper and lower layers of the arable horizon, which indicated the impracticality of further experiments. The research of ring-tooth and ring-spur rollers was carried out by the method of a multifactorial experiment under defined soil and climatic conditions (soil type, sod-podzolic; layer-by-layer soil moisture, 26...28 %; layer-by-layer soil density, 0.96...1.25 g/cm3). Regression models were built of the influence of the specific load, the frequency of passes, and the working speed of the unit on the density of the soil in layers: 0–5; 5–10; 10–15; 15–20; 20–25; 25–30 cm. To assess the heterogeneity of soil density in layers 0–5 and 5–10 cm, a data array was constructed. It was established that the ring-spur roller, even at a speed of up to 6 km/h, is not a tool suitable for regulating the equilibrium density of the seed layer. The best for pre-sowing soil cultivation is a ring-tooth roller (specific soil load, 350 kg/m; unit speed up to 6 km/h). The derived regression equations make it possible to select such a specific load on the ring-tooth roller that could provide a rational value of the layer density of the soil. This is economically and environmentally expedient.

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Section: Discussion Of Results Of Investigating the Influence Of The ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the quality of processing the soil environment by determining the rational structural and technological parameters for the rolling working bodies

Shevchenko,

Golub,

Tsyvenkova

et al. 2023

EEJET

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“…of the compaction in the soil above the seed will be broken down by the seeding tines/discs. The type of seeding system, particularly the press-wheels, will have a significant impact on the final bulk density above the seed (Asoodar et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chickpea and lentil show little genetic variation in emergence ability and rate from deep sowing, but small-sized seed produces less vigorous seedlings

Rich

Berger

Lawes

et al. 2022

Crop & Pasture Science

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Context Germination and emergence are key to successful annual crop establishment. Emergence rate depends on germination rate, sowing depth, and rate of pre-emergent shoot elongation. The rate at which a shoot grows prior to emerging from the soil becomes significant when crops such as chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) are deep sown to utilise moisture below the conventional sowing zone. Aims In seeds of contrasting size, we aimed to compare the ability of chickpera and lentil varieties to emerge from deep sowing. Here we describe genetic variation for epicotyl growth rate, and phenotypic variation for epicotyl and root growth rates and biomass partitioning, of chickpea and lentil, as they relate to seed size. We further assess the impact of deep sowing and soil type on emergence, establishment and yield of the two species. Methods Epicotyl elongation rates, root growth and seedling biomass partitioning were determined in controlled environment studies, using soil tubes. Field trials were conducted on two different soil types at two sowing depths. Key results Most of the variance in epicotyl growth rate could be attributed to species rather than variety. Although epicotyl emergence was faster in lentil, chickpea epicotyl growth rates were higher than those in lentils and unrelated to seed size, whereas growth rates in lentils were weakly correlated to seed size (r = 0.31). Root development and epicotyl diameter appeared to be traded for maintenance of growth in smaller seeds of both species. In the field, sowing depth did not affect emergence, establishment or yield of chickpeas at either site. Deeper sowing resulted in minor reductions in emergence of lentil at one site, although biomass and yield were not affected. Conclusions Emergence of both crops was unaffected by deep sowing (to at least 200 mm) under controlled environment and sandy field conditions. There was minimal genetic variation for the measured parameters within a species. Seed size was of little importance for emergence rate; however, shoot growth rate from small seeds was maintained by reducing seedling vigour. Implications Seed size should be considered when deep sowing lentils in order to maintain high seedling vigour. Further work is needed to understand how environmental factors influence seedling emergence from depth.

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“…Soil water is often a limiting factor in Australian crop production regions particularly cropping systems in the states of New South Wales (NSW) and Queensland (Qld), where stored moisture in the soil profile at sowing time is critical for seedling emergence, crop establishment and yield [1][2][3][4][5]. However, this importance can be affected by management that changes soil biological activities and nutrient availabilities [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cover cropping impacts on soil water and carbon in dryland cropping system

et al. 2023

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Incorporating cover crops into the rotation is a practice applied across many parts of the globe to enhance soil biological activities. In dryland farming, where crop production is highly dependent on rainfall and soil water storage, cover cropping can affect soil water, yet its effects on soil hydrological and biological health require further investigation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different timing of summer sorghum cover crop termination on soil water, total and labile organic carbon, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and their mediating effects on wheat yield. Through on-farm trial, soil characteristics along with wheat biomass, yield and grain quality were monitored. In comparison with the control (fallow), the early terminated cover crop was the most effective at retaining greater soil water at wheat sowing by 1~4% in 0–45cm soil profile. An increase in water use efficiency, yield and grain protein by 10%, 12% and 5% was observed under early termination. Under late terminated summer cover crop, there was 7% soil water depletion at wheat planting which resulted in 61% decline in yield. However, late-terminated cover crop achieved the greatest gain in soil total and particulate organic carbon by 17% and 72% and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal Group A and B concentration by 356% and 251%. Summer cover crop incorporation resulted in a rapid gain in labile organic carbon, which constituted hotspots for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi growth, conversely, fungal activities increased labile organic carbon availability. The combined effect of increased soil water at sowing and over the growing season, organic carbon, and microbial activities contributed to greater yield. The findings suggest that summer cover cropping with timely termination can have implications in managing soil water at sowing time and enhancing soil water storage during the season, soil carbon, and facilitating microbial activities while enhancing productivity in the dryland cropping system.

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Effects of Press Wheel Weight and Soil Moisture at Sowing on Grain Yield

Cited by 6 publications

References 14 publications

Improving the quality of processing the soil environment by determining the rational structural and technological parameters for the rolling working bodies

Improving the quality of processing the soil environment by determining the rational structural and technological parameters for the rolling working bodies

Chickpea and lentil show little genetic variation in emergence ability and rate from deep sowing, but small-sized seed produces less vigorous seedlings

Cover cropping impacts on soil water and carbon in dryland cropping system

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