Effects of preservation of rumen inoculum on volatile fatty acids production and the community dynamics during batch fermentation of fruit pomace

Njokweni, Sesethu G.; Weimer, Paul J.; Botes, Marelize; Zyl, Willem H. van

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124518

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The total VFA concentration represents fermented carbohydrates utilized by rumen microbes. They meet when they reach around 70–80% of the energy required in the ruminants [ 43 ]. Greater TVFA concentration is usually positively correlated with greater DML [ 19 ]; however, in this study, the TVFA concentration was greatest in WCWH harvested during the dough stage, whereas the DML was greatest during the late milk stage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Value, Fermentation Characteristics and In Vitro Degradability of Whole Wheat Hay Harvested at Three Stages of Maturity

Lang

Yang

Saleem

et al. 2022

Animals

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The nutritional value of whole crop wheat hay (WCWH) harvested at different maturation stages are different, and its feeding effects on dairy cows have not been thoroughly evaluated. In this study, the in vitro digestibility of whole wheat (Nongda 22) hay harvested during the flowering, late milk and dough stages were evaluated using batch culture technique. The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents of whole wheat hay decreased by 35.5% and 40.4%, respectively, whereas the non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) content increased by 50.3% in WCWH harvested during the dough stage as compared to the flowering stage (p < 0.01). The pH of the fermentation liquid and acetate to propionate ratio was greatest in the wheat harvested during the flowering stage and lowest during the dough stage (p = 0.03), whereas the volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration was greatest during the dough stage and lowest during the flowering stage (p < 0.01). The dry matter loss (DML) was 9.6% and 6.2% greater (p < 0.01) during the late milk stage than in the flowering or dough stages, and the NDF loss (NDFL; p = 0.01) and ADF loss (ADFL; p < 0.01) was greater in both the flowering and late milk stages. In conclusion, though the content of NDF was lower in the dough stage, and the starch to NFC ratio was greater, we determined that the optimal harvest stage should be the late milk stage due to the greater dry matter digestibility, the relatively greater NFC content and the shorter planting days.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Value, Fermentation Characteristics and In Vitro Degradability of Whole Wheat Hay Harvested at Three Stages of Maturity

Lang

Yang

Saleem

et al. 2022

Animals

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“…However, this overlap mainly occurs after long periods or RT as the initial microbes that degrade the feedstock first belong to the core microbiome [109]. These sentiments have been further highlighted in recent studies on long-term (2.5 years) successive transfers of rumen inocula [106] and storage (3 months) [110] that resulted in shifts of the microbial communities.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Rumen That Favor Vfa Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Valorization of Organic Waste Streams to Valuable Organic Acids through Microbial Conversion: A South African Case Study

et al. 2021

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The notion of a “biobased economy” in the context of a developing country such as South Africa (SA) necessitates the development of technologies that utilize sustainable feedstocks, have simple and robust operations, are feasible at small scale and produce a variety of valuable bioproducts, thus fitting the biorefinery concept. This case study focuses on the microbial production of higher-value products from selected organic waste streams abundant in the South African agricultural sector using microbes adapted to utilize different parts of biomass waste streams. A ruminant-based carboxylate platform based on mixed or undefined anaerobic co-cultures of rumen microorganisms can convert the carbohydrate polymers in the lignocellulosic part of organic waste streams to carboxylic acids that can be upgraded to biofuels or green chemicals. Furthermore, yeast and fungi can convert the simpler carbohydrates (such as the sugars and malic acid in grape and apple pomace) to ethanol and high-value carboxylic acids, such as lactic, fumaric, succinic and citric acid. This review will discuss the combinational use of the ruminal carboxylate platform and native or recombinant yeasts to valorize biomass waste streams through the production of higher-value organic acids with various applications.

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“…Both requirements appear to be easily met. Storage of ruminal inocula at −80 • C in 5% dimethylsulfoxide yields fully functional communities upon revival [135], and long-term in vitro fermentations have been maintained on highly fibrous substrates (mature switchgrass plus distillers dried grains) for 2 years [136]. In the latter study, although the community diverged dramatically in species composition over time (including rapid loss of the protist and fungal components), they nevertheless retained most of their functionality with respect to substrate utilization and total fermentation product formation, although fermentation product ratios did change with the community over time.…”

Section: Potential For Industrial Exploitation Of Ruminal Fiber Ferme...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of Cellulose and Hemicellulose by Ruminal Microorganisms

Weimer

2022

Microorganisms

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As major structural components of plant cell walls, cellulose and hemicellulose are degraded and fermented by anaerobic microbes in the rumen to produce volatile fatty acids, the main nutrient source for the host. Cellulose degradation is carried out primarily by specialist bacteria, with additional contributions from protists and fungi, via a variety of mechanisms. Hemicelluloses are hydrolyzed by cellulolytic bacteria and by generalist, non-cellulolytic microbes, largely via extracellular enzymes. Cellulose hydrolysis follows first-order kinetics and its rate is limited by available substrate surface area. Nevertheless, its rate is at least an order of magnitude more rapid than in anaerobic digesters, due to near-obligatory adherence of microbial cells to the cellulose surface, and a lack of downstream inhibitory effects; in the host animal, fiber degradation rate is also enhanced by the unique process of rumination. Cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic microbes exhibit intense competition and amensalism, but they also display mutualistic interactions with microbes at other trophic levels. Collectively, the fiber-degrading community of the rumen displays functional redundancy, partial niche overlap, and convergence of catabolic pathways that all contribute to stability of the ruminal fermentation. The superior hydrolytic and fermentative capabilities of ruminal fiber degraders make them promising candidates for several fermentation technologies.

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Effects of preservation of rumen inoculum on volatile fatty acids production and the community dynamics during batch fermentation of fruit pomace

Cited by 17 publications

References 36 publications

Nutritional Value, Fermentation Characteristics and In Vitro Degradability of Whole Wheat Hay Harvested at Three Stages of Maturity

Nutritional Value, Fermentation Characteristics and In Vitro Degradability of Whole Wheat Hay Harvested at Three Stages of Maturity

Potential Valorization of Organic Waste Streams to Valuable Organic Acids through Microbial Conversion: A South African Case Study

Degradation of Cellulose and Hemicellulose by Ruminal Microorganisms

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