Effects of Prepartum Energy Intake and Calcium to Phosphorus Ratios on Lactation Response and Parturient Paresis

Gardner, Rachel; Park, R.L.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(73)85182-3

Cited by 28 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In addition, when bone P was measured in relation to days prelactation, cows demonstrated significantly (P < 0.05) more bone P on the day of parturition, 103.3 mg/g fresh weight compared to 93.6 mg/g fresh weight at 1-15 days pre partum, indicating movement of P into bone during the last 2 weeks of gestation. This would have decreased serum P, and is in agreement with Gardner and Park 6 , who reported depressed serum P values associated with parturient paresis. Further research is required to determine bone P concentrations in cows with parturient paresis to access the role of P in Ca homeostasis related to periparturient hypocalcaemia.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

The effect of gestation and lactation on bone calcium, phosphorus and magnesium in dairy cows

Beighle¹

1999

J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc.

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A study was conducted to monitor changes in cortical bone mineral in the dairy cow in response to demands of lactation and pregnancy using rib bone biopsies in serial sampling. Sixteen Friesian cows from the University dairy herd were used to collect 9 samples during the lactation period and 5 samples during the dry period. The data were analysed using a split-plot design analysis of variance. There were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in cortical bone phosphorus concentrations in rib bone during the lactation period, but calcium concentrations in cortical bone were significantly (P < 0.05) higher at parturition and during the first 30 days of lactation compared to the next 30 days and between 90 and 120 days. Results reported here indicate that the cow resorbs cortical bone during the middle of the lactation period and not during the periparturient period as previously thought. Magnesium concentrations were also significantly (P < 0.05) higher at the beginning of lactation compared to some of the other sampling times, but cortical bone was significantly (P < 0.05) thinner at the beginning of lactation compared to several of the other sampling times. There were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in cortical bone Ca or Mg concentrations during the gestation period. Cortical bone P concentrations significantly (P < 0.05) decreased during the first 180 days, but significantly (P < 0.05) increased at 181-230 days and significantly (P < 0.05) decreased again at 231 days to term. Cortical bone thickness decreased significantly (P < 0.05) from the beginning of gestation to term. There were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in cortical bone thickness or Ca or Mg concentrations in cortical bone during the dry period, but cortical bone P concentrations were significantly (P < 0.05) greater at the end of the dry period compared to the first 30 days of the period. In general, cortical bone Ca and Mg values decreased as milk production increased up to 20 kg/day and cortical bone P values and bone thickness increased. In animals producing over 20 kg/day, however, cortical bone mineral values were greater and cortical bone thickness was lower compared to those animals producing less than 20 kg

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

The effect of gestation and lactation on bone calcium, phosphorus and magnesium in dairy cows

Beighle¹

1999

J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc.

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“…Although milk yields were initially lower in these cows, total milk production was, however, similar to the other groups as a consequence of its better persistency. Similar findings concerning food intake, energy balance, milk production and changes in body weight have been reported by Davenport and Rakes (1969), Emery, Hafs, Armstrong and Snyder (1969), Gardner (1969), Gardner and Park (1973), Farries (1975), Lodge, Fisher and Lessard (1975), Hernandez-Urdaneta, Coppock, McDowell, Gianola and Smith (1976), Coenen (1979), Land and Leaver (1981), Garnsworthy and Topps (1982) and Krohn, Hvelplund and Andersen (1983). The more marked energy deficit during early lactation in animals fed ad libitum during the previous dry period, compared to those fed only according to https:/www.cambridge.org/core/terms.…”

Section: Hormonessupporting

confidence: 73%

Effects of different energy intakes before and after calving on food intake, performance and blood hormones and metabolites in dairy cows

Kunz

Blum

Hart³

et al. 1985

Anim. Sci.

156

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An experiment with 25 dairy cows was performed to investigate the effects of different energy intakes on food intake, performance and blood hormone and metabolite levels during the last 70 days of pregnancy and the first 125 days after parturition. Compared with animals fed ad libitum before parturition, cows fed only according to requirements during the same time showed no decrease of food intake at calving. Cows fed at a restricted level also showed a faster increase in food intake, a smaller energy deficiency at the onset of lactation and a smaller weight loss after parturition. Peak milk yield was also lower, but the peak was maintained for a longer period, and during the first 2 months of lactation these cows had higher concentrations of glucose and lactic acid, and lower concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids and ketone bodies in the blood. Weight losses, and decrease of milk production during the 1st weeks of lactation were higher in cows fed only 0-75 of requirements during the first 60 days of lactation than in animals whose energy intake was planned to cover energy requirements, and during the first 2 months of lactation levels of unesterified fatty acids, ketone bodies and urea were higher, whereas levels of insulin, thyroxine and triiodothyronine were lower. Endocrine and metabolic changes seen during early lactation suggested improved glucose homeostasis, diminished fat mobilization and ketogenesis in cows .given reduced amounts of energy during the dry period compared to animals fed ad libitum. To prevent the development of acetonaemia an adequate energy supply during the first part of lactation is, however, of greater importance.

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“…In the domestic animals, a right aortic arch, often resulting in the formation of a vascular ring, has been most often reported in the dog (2, 3, 10) and the cat (7,9), and some cases in horses (1,8,11) and ruminants (4,12,13) are recorded. In this report, right aortic arch in a lamb and in two pigs is described.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…A more critical comparison of the rations used by these different workers showed that the high Ca rations usually provided the animals with a higher feed intake also (5,14,35). feed Higher prepartum intakes, possibly leading to a fatter condition of the cows around parturition, may increase the risk of parturient paresis (9,12,17,18). This raises the importance of dry period feeding level, independent of Ca intake, on Ca homeostasis around parturition.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Influence of prepartum calcium intake on calcium mobilization rate around parturition in dairy cows fed at a high prepartum feeding level

Braak¹,

At²,

Malestein³

1986

Veterinary Quarterly

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The influence of a low and a high prepartum calcium (Ca) intake on Ca mobilization rate around parturition was studied in 44 dairy cows fed a ration sufficient for 1.90 times maintenance requirements during the dry period. The plasma Ca level declined on the day of parturition in the group fed the low Ca intake (LCa: 26.4 g/d) as well as in the group fed the high Ca intake (HCa: 87.2 g/d). Plasma Ca levels of the HCa group were lower at parturition, and in this group 1 cow had milk fever after parturition. In the HCa group 6 cows had a plasma Ca level less than or equal to 2.0 mmol/l at parturition and/or 10 h post-partum (pp), versus 1 cow in the LCa group. Na2EDTA was intravenously infused at 10 h pp to induce hypocalcaemia to a level of plasma Ca not bound to EDTA of approximately 1.0 mmol/l. The LCa groups tended to require more Na2EDTA than the HCa groups, however the difference was significant only in the younger cows. After the Na2EDTA infusion 7 cows of the HCa group and 1 of the LCa group did not recover spontaneously and needed to be treated. The mean plasma PTH levels of the LCa group ante-partum were slightly higher than those of the HCa group. The Ca level of the prepartum ration did not influence urinary hydroxyproline excretion, which suggests that the Ca intake of 26.4 g/d was too high to stimulate bone turnover. Comparison of the present results with those of an earlier experiment in which the prepartum Ca intake at a low feeding level (1.12 times maintenance) was studied, led to the conclusion that higher prepartum feed intake has a clear negative influence on Ca homeostasis around parturition.

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Effects of Prepartum Energy Intake and Calcium to Phosphorus Ratios on Lactation Response and Parturient Paresis

Cited by 28 publications

References 12 publications

The effect of gestation and lactation on bone calcium, phosphorus and magnesium in dairy cows

The effect of gestation and lactation on bone calcium, phosphorus and magnesium in dairy cows

Effects of different energy intakes before and after calving on food intake, performance and blood hormones and metabolites in dairy cows

Influence of prepartum calcium intake on calcium mobilization rate around parturition in dairy cows fed at a high prepartum feeding level

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