Effects of Prenatal Nicotine Exposure on Infant Language Development: A Cohort Follow Up Study

Hernández‐Martínez, Carmen; Voltas, Núria; Ribot, Blanca; Arija, Victoria; Macías, Joaquín Escribano; Canals, Josefa

doi:10.1007/s10995-016-2158-y

Cited by 20 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Consistent with earlier studies, our data provide evidence to support the argument that prenatal exposure to ETS is negatively correlated with children’s cognitive development [10,25,26,27,28,30]. Our study also reached the same conclusion as earlier studies that children’s language abilities were related to prenatal exposure to ETS [10,25,27].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…While the impact of active maternal smoking on child development is well established, the association between prenatal ETS exposure and child development remains mixed [21]. Some studies show that prenatal exposure to ETS has been associated with negative childhood psychosocial development, such as in learning and memory [22]; delinquent, aggressive, and externalizing behaviors [23]; poor preschool temperament and erratic emotionality [24]; negative cognitive, language, fine-motor, and social–emotion development [25,26,27]; and low mental development index scores [28,29]. Other research has found no association after adjusting for the mother’s age, educational attainment, and annual family income.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prenatal Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Early Development of Children in Rural Guizhou Province, China

Luo

Wang

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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Background: There is a substantial body of evidence supporting the association between maternal active smoking during pregnancy and child development, but the association between prenatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and early child development has not been well documented. This cross-sectional study examines the association between prenatal exposure to ETS and the development of children in their first two years of life. Methods: We interviewed the primary caregivers of 446 children under two years old in rural Guizhou Province, China. Based on self-reported assessments about whether the mother was exposed to ETS during pregnancy, we divided the children into the ETS-exposed group or the non-exposed group. Sociodemographic information was collected through a questionnaire. The cognitive, language, motor, and socioemotional abilities of children were assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development III (BSID-III). A multivariate linear regression model adjusting for confounding variables was used to estimate the association of interest. Results: About 60% of mothers experienced ETS exposure during pregnancy. Cognitive and language scores were lower among children in the ETS-exposed group. When adjusting for characteristics of the child, the mother, the household, and village fixed effects, prenatal exposure to ETS was associated with lower cognition scores (−3.41; 95% confidence interval (CI): −6.39 to −0.42; p = 0.03) and language scores (−3.01; 95% CI: −5.39 to −0.09; p = 0.04). Frequency of prenatal exposure to ETS was also negatively associated with language development (−0.48; 95% CI: −0.87 to −0.09; p = 0.02) before children reached two years old. Conclusions: Prenatal exposure to ETS is negatively associated with the cognitive and language development of rural young children within their first two years of life. The government should take action to raise public awareness about the negative effects of tobacco use, with an emphasis on the protection of pregnant women and their children, in order to carry through comprehensive smoke-free laws in rural areas, while also increasing tobacco taxation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Early Development of Children in Rural Guizhou Province, China

Luo

Wang

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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“…14 There is a growing body of evidence that has assessed the neurobehavioural consequences of prenatal cigarette exposure on infant development during the first year of life. 15,16 Although reviews have been carried out assessing prenatal exposure on developmental outcomes, 17,18 the current review is the first meta-analysis assessing neurobehavioural outcomes within the first year of life.…”

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confidence: 99%

Infant neurobehavioural consequences of prenatal cigarette exposure: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

2020

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Prenatal exposure to cigarette smoke has lasting postnatal effects including significant increased risk of cognitive impairment and learning difficulties. 1-3 Research suggests two specific toxins in cigarettes are causing these effects, namely carbon monoxide and nicotine. Carbon monoxide crosses the placenta binding to haemoglobin leading to a reduction in blood flow, ultimately impacting brain development and growth. 4 Similarly, nicotine readily crosses the syncytium, a thin layer of tissue separating maternal and foetal blood. 5 Although the foetal brain is protected from a range of neurotoxins, it is specifically sensitive to nicotine which targets specific neurotransmitters, leading to cell abnormalities and impaired foetal brain development by affecting synaptic activity. 5 Since nicotine affects brain development, it has the potential to affect neurobehaviour 6 including levels of excitability, negative affect, social orientation and regulation in infants. 7 However, there are a number of potential confounding factors that may influence human infant neurobehaviour, leading to difficulties in underpinning the contribution of cigarettes on the neurobehavioural outcome. Therefore, animal models provide an experimental paradigm to define the mechanisms of nicotine on neurobehaviour.

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“…The aim was to investigate the effect of prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal clinical and psychosocial factors on infant morning cortisol levels at 12 months of age in the same cohort. Thus, from the prenatal period, we have taken into account variables related to the mother's cortisol levels that may alter infant behaviour (maternal tobacco use, life events, anxiety, and emotional stability; Hernández‐Martínez et al, ; Hernández‐Martínez, Arija, Balaguer, Cavallé, & Canals, ). We have also adjusted the analyses by using factors from the perinatal period (mode of delivery, gestational age, infant birth weight, and parity) that can affect the functioning of the HPA from an early stage (Marceau et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of maternal emotional states during pregnancy and early infancy on infant cortisol levels: A prospective study

Hernández‐Martínez

Voltas

Arija

et al. 2019

Infant and Child Development

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Cortisol plays an important role in human body functioning, stress response, and reactivity, and altered cortisol levels have been related to psychopathology throughout life. This study investigates several types of clinical and psychosocial prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors related to morning cortisol levels in 71 12‐month‐old infants. Several sociodemographic, obstetrical, environmental, and psychological predictors were taken into account. Regression models show that prenatal anxiety, type of birth, depressive symptoms at 6 months, and the mothers' feelings about the relationship with their child explain 32.9% of the variance in morning cortisol levels in 12‐month old infants. When sociodemographic, obstetrical, environmental, and psychological variables are taken into account, maternal emotional status and feelings about the mother–infant bonding are the most important factors that explain infant cortisol levels, which suggests that they should be included in obstetric and paediatric care routines to improve infant health. Highlights Cortisol has an important effect on human homeostasis, growth, neurodevelopment, stress response and reactivity; however, altered cortisol levels have been related to psychopathology throughout life. This study aims to investigate, prospectively from pregnancy, several types of clinical and psychosocial prenatal, perinatal and postnatal factors related to infant morning cortisol levels at 12 months. When several kind of factors are taken into account (prenatal life events, prenatal and postnatal nicotine exposure, gender, gestational age at birth, infant birth weight, parity, socioeconomic status, maternal psychopathology, breastfeeding status and anthropometry), prenatal anxiety, type of birth, postnatal depression and mothers' feelings about the relationship with their infant are the are the variables that better predict infant morning cortisol levels. Maternal emotional characteristics are the central axis for influencing the development of HPA axis. Healthcare professionals may pay more attention to the mother feelings and emotions along prenatal and postnatal infant development to promote infant mental health.

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Effects of Prenatal Nicotine Exposure on Infant Language Development: A Cohort Follow Up Study

Cited by 20 publications

References 30 publications

Prenatal Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Early Development of Children in Rural Guizhou Province, China

Prenatal Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Early Development of Children in Rural Guizhou Province, China

Infant neurobehavioural consequences of prenatal cigarette exposure: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

The role of maternal emotional states during pregnancy and early infancy on infant cortisol levels: A prospective study

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