Effects of Prenatal Irradiation on Postnatal Psychophysiological Development

Jensh, Ronald P.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-2189-7_19

Handbook of Behavioral Teratology 1986

DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-2189-7_19

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Effects of Prenatal Irradiation on Postnatal Psychophysiological Development

Ronald P. Jensh

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1988

1999

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Cited by 9 publications

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“…A high RBE for tritium was also observed when developmental or behavioral parameters were used as endpoints. In laboratory rodents, a prenatal dose that led to significant changes of postnatal development and behavior was much lower for HTO exposure than for acute single exposures of x or y irradiation (Jensh andBrent 1988a and1988b;Minamizawa et al 1992;Wang and Zhou 1995), or for continuous y irradiation ).…”

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confidence: 96%

Induction Of Apoptosis By Beta Radiation From Tritium Compounds In Mouse Embryonic Brain Cells

Wang¹,

Takeda²,

Gao³

et al. 1999

Health Physics

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Induction of apoptosis by tritium exposure was investigated in both cultured embryonic mid brain cells and brain sections of embryos and of newborns in mice. In the cultures of mid brain cells, addition of methyl-3H-thymidine (3H-TdR) (21 kBq mL(-1)) and tritiated water (5.616 MBq mL(-1)) induced late appearances and low percentages of apoptosis when compared to x-irradiation at the ID50 dose, the inhibitory dose that reduced cellular differentiation by 50% of the control. A significant increase in p53 protein was detected about 2 h before the marked appearance of apoptosis. The pregnant mice were given an intraperitoneal injection of tritiated water at the concentration of 481.8 kBq g(-1) of body weight on gestation day 12.5, by which treatment behavioral changes in the offspring occurred. Increased apoptotic cells were observed in the neural tube of embryos from 1 d after the injection to 1 wk postnatal age. Apoptosis induced by x-rays appeared 2 h after irradiation, with a peak at 4 h. Increase of apoptotic cells was also found in the brain cortexes of newborns. The percentage of apoptosis in the brain was higher in the prenatal tritiated water exposed mice than in the prenatal x-irradiated mice. Possible mechanisms on apoptosis and its relation to the higher relative biological effectiveness value of tritium beta-rays are discussed.

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mentioning

confidence: 96%

Induction Of Apoptosis By Beta Radiation From Tritium Compounds In Mouse Embryonic Brain Cells

Wang¹,

Takeda²,

Gao³

et al. 1999

Health Physics

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Intrauterine effects of ultrasound: Animal studies

Jensh

Brent

1999

Teratology

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During the past several decades, the use of ultrasound technology in the clinical setting has greatly increased. Because nearly every pregnant woman receives at least one sonographic procedure today, there has been developing concern about the safety of such procedures. Since ultrasound exposure can result in hyperthermia and other physiological effects, the determination of a threshold or no‐effect exposure has become a high‐priority goal. Animal research has been important to the study of the effects of various exposures at all stages of pregnancy, since the clinical use of ultrasonography can occur during the preimplantation, organogenic, and fetal stages. Animal experiments using various mammalian species have been able to determine no‐effect exposure levels for embryonic loss, congenital malformations and neurobehavioral effects. The preponderance of evidence from these studies indicates that, in the absence of a thermal effect, ultrasonography represents no measurable risk when used at recommended intensity levels. Teratology 59:240–251, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Effects of prenatal X‐irradiation on the 14th–18th days of gestation on postnatal growth and development in the rat

Jensh

Brent

1988

Teratology

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Thirty-nine pregnant adult Wistar strain rats were randomly assigned to one of three exposure groups: 0, 0.75, or 1.50 Gy X-radiation total exposure. Animals were exposed from the 14th to the 18th days of gestation at 0, 0.15, or 0.30 Gy per day. At term, 15 rats were killed and morphologic analyses were completed. Twenty-four rats were allowed to deliver their offspring. On the first day of postnatal life, litters were reduced to a maximum of eight pups per litter, with equal numbers of male and female offspring wherever possible. A total of 187 pups were observed for the age of acquisition of five reflexes (air righting, surface righting, visual placing, negative geotaxis, auditory startle) and the appearance of four physiologic markers (pinna detachment, eye opening, vaginal opening, testes descent). There was significant dose-related weight reduction in term fetuses and offspring throughout the 86-day postnatal period. Postnatal growth rate (g gained/day) was unaffected. Adult offspring brain and gonadal weight and organ weight:body weight ratios were reduced. Using the PAC50 methodology, dose-related alterations occurred in the acquisition of several reflexes. All physiologic markers exhibited a dose-related delay in appearance. These results indicate that fractionated exposure to X-radiation during the fetal period in the rat results in dose-dependent alterations in postnatal growth and physiologic development. These studies are important for our understanding of the long-range effects of prenatal exposure to ionizing radiation late in gestation.

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Effects of Prenatal Irradiation on Postnatal Psychophysiological Development

Cited by 9 publications

References 61 publications

Induction Of Apoptosis By Beta Radiation From Tritium Compounds In Mouse Embryonic Brain Cells

Induction Of Apoptosis By Beta Radiation From Tritium Compounds In Mouse Embryonic Brain Cells

Intrauterine effects of ultrasound: Animal studies

Effects of prenatal X‐irradiation on the 14th–18th days of gestation on postnatal growth and development in the rat

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