Effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on fine motor coordination and balance: A study of two adult samples

Connor, Paul; Sampson, Paul D.; Streissguth, Ann P.; Bookstein, Fred L.; Barr, Helen M.

doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.07.016

Cited by 94 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…22 Varying degrees of motor retardation have been observed in up to 89% of humans having FASD. [23][24][25] Indeed, the diagnostic criteria for FASD include impaired fine motor skills. 26 Shh also has a proven role in neural crest morphogenesis, 27 and FASD frequently includes defects in neural crest-derived structures.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal alcohol exposure impairs hedgehog cholesterol modification and signaling

Yang

Zdanowicz

et al. 2007

Laboratory Investigation

133

144

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal alcohol exposure impairs hedgehog cholesterol modification and signaling

Yang

Zdanowicz

et al. 2007

Laboratory Investigation

133

144

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“…It is clear that alcohol exposure during the critical growth spurt period has significant effects on cortical development. The alcohol-induced dysfunctions in cerebral cortex reported during the period of synaptogenesis contribute, in part, to impaired sensory information processing that may underlie delayed sensorimotor development and impaired fine and gross motor control seen in children with FASD (Burd et al, 2003;Connor et al, 2006;Lopez-Tejero et al, 1986;Streissguth et al, 1984).…”

Section: Postnatal Alcohol Exposure and Pmbsf Area And Barrel Patternmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Barrel size depends on thalamocortical input and a smaller barrel field and barrels reported here likely reflect diminished cortical sensitivity and reduced sensory feedback to motor cortex. Children with FASD have s maller parietal cortices (Riley et al, 2004), perform poorly on sensorimotor tasks (Connor et al, 2006), and often exhibit peripheral malformations (Spiegel et al, 1979).…”

Section: Postnatal Alcohol Exposure and Pmbsf Area And Barrel Patternmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exposure to alcohol during prenatal development has been shown to lead to growth retardation, facial dysmorphology, and brain anomalies in humans (Jones and Smith, 1973;Jones and Smith, 1975), collectively referred to as fetal alcohol syndrome [FAS] (Clarren and Smith, 1978;Connor et al, 2006;Streissguth et al, 1991;Streissguth et al, 1984). These anomalies have also been reported in rodents exposed to alcohol during gestation and/or during the early postnatal period (Lopez-Tejero et al, 1986;Mattson et al, 2001;Tran et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The behavioral deficits seen in offspring of mothers that abuse alcohol during pregnancy as well as in rodents exposed to alcohol during gestation and early postnatal periods indicate that the sensorimotor system is particularly susceptible to alcohol during brain development. Children with FAS have delayed motor development and somatosensory impairments necessary for performance of fine and gross motor skills (Burd et al, 2003;Connor et al, 2006;Lopez-Tejero et al, 1986). Exposure to alcohol during brain development has been shown to affect reaction time, attention, and response latency in children with FAS (Streissguth et al, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early postnatal alcohol exposure reduced the size of vibrissal barrel field in rat somatosensory cortex (SI) but did not disrupt barrel field organization

Oladehin

Margret

Maier

et al. 2007

Alcohol

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Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) has been shown to alter the somatosensory cortex in both human and animal studies. In rodents, PAE reduced the size, but not the pattern of the posteromedial barrel subfield (PMBSF) associated with the representation of the whiskers, in newborn, juvenile, and adult rats. However, the PMBSF is not present at birth, but rather first appears in the middle of the first postnatal week during the brain growth spurt period. These findings raise questions whether early postnatal alcohol exposure might disrupt both barrel field pattern and size, questions that were investigated in the present study. Newborn Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned into alcohol (Alc), nutritional gastric control (GC), and suckle control (SC) on P4. Rat pups in Alc and GC were artificially fed with alcohol and maltose-dextrin dissolved in milk respectively, via an implant gastrostomy tube, from postnatal day 4 (P4) to P9. Pups in the Alc group received alcohol (6.0 g/kg) in milk, while the GC controls received isocaloric equivalent maltose-dextrin dissolved in milk. Pups in the SC group remained with their mothers and breast fed throughout the experimental period. On P10, pups in each group were weighed, sacrificed, and their brains removed and weighed. Cortical hemispheres were separated, weighed, flattened, sectioned tangentially, stained with cytochrome oxidase, and PMBSF measured. The sizes of barrels and the interbarrel septal region within PMBSF, as well as body and brain weights were compared between the three groups. The sizes of PMSBF barrel and septal areas were significantly smaller (p < 0.01) in Alc group compared to controls, while the PMBSF barrel pattern remained unaltered. Body, whole brain, forebrain, and hemisphere weights were significantly reduced (p < 0.01) in Alc pups compared to control groups. GC and SC groups did not differ significantly in all dependent variables, except body weight at P9 and P10 (p < 0.01). These results suggest that postnatal alcohol exposure, like prenatal exposure, significantly influenced the size of the barrel field, but not barrel field pattern formation, indicating that barrel field pattern formation consolidated prior to P4. These results are important for understanding sensorimotor deficits reported in children suffering from fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD).

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Psychiatric Disorders in Pregnant and Postpartum Women in the United States

Vesga-López

Blanco²,

Keyes³

et al. 2008

Arch Gen Psychiatry

921

596

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CONTEXT Psychiatric disorders and substance use during pregnancy are associated with adverse outcomes for mothers and their offspring. Information about the epidemiology of psychiatric disorders and substance use in this population is lacking. OBJECTIVE To examine sociodemographic correlates, rates of DSM-IV Axis I psychiatric disorders, substance use and treatment-seeking among past-year pregnant and postpartum women in the United States. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Face-to-face interviews were conducted in the 2001–2002 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (n = 43,093). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Prevalence of 12-month DSM-IV Axis I psychiatric disorders, substance use, and treatment seeking. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the 12-month prevalence of psychiatric disorders between past-year pregnant (25.3%), postpartum women (27.5%), and non-pregnant women of child-bearing age (30.1%), except for the significantly higher prevalence of major depressive disorder in postpartum women (9.3%) than in non-pregnant women (8.1%) (OR 1.59, 95% CI=1.15–2.20). Past-year pregnant and postpartum women had significantly lower rates of alcohol use disorders, and any substance use, except illicit drug use, than non-pregnant women. Age, marital status, health status, stressful life events, and history of traumatic experiences were all significantly associated with higher risk of psychopathology in pregnant and postpartum women. Most women with a current psychiatric disorder did not receive any mental health care in the 12-months prior to the survey regardless of pregnancy status. CONCLUSIONS Pregnancy per se is not associated with increased risk of mental disorders, though the risk of major depressive disorder may be increased during the postpartum period. Young, unmarried women with recent stressful life events, complicated pregnancies, and poor overall health were at significantly increased risk of mental disorders during pregnancy. Low rates of maternal mental health care underscore the need to improve recognition and delivery of treatment for mental disorders occurring during pregnancy and the postpartum.

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Effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on fine motor coordination and balance: A study of two adult samples

Cited by 94 publications

References 37 publications

Fetal alcohol exposure impairs hedgehog cholesterol modification and signaling

Fetal alcohol exposure impairs hedgehog cholesterol modification and signaling

Early postnatal alcohol exposure reduced the size of vibrissal barrel field in rat somatosensory cortex (SI) but did not disrupt barrel field organization

Psychiatric Disorders in Pregnant and Postpartum Women in the United States

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