Effects of pregelatinized vs. native potato starch on intestinal weight and stomach lesions of pigs housed in barren pens or on straw bedding

Bolhuis, J.E.; Brand, H. van den; Staals, S.T.M.; Gerrits, W.J.J.

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2007.01.100

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In the present study, microbial production of SCFA was not quantified, but an increase in fermentation activity, and thereby an increase in SCFA production (Haenen et al, 2013;Souza da Silva et al, 2014) could be confirmed by adaptations found in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs fed diets with RS. The empty weight of the colon and total gastrointestinal tract were greater in pigs fed diets with RS than in pigs fed diets without RS, in line with previous studies (Martinez-Puig et al, 2003;Bolhuis et al, 2007).…”

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confidence: 90%

“…Contrary to pigs fed ALG-containing diets, pigs fed RS-containing diets enhanced efficiency in the use of DE. Although carcass growth was reduced, colon and total gastrointestinal tract empty weight were heavier in pigs fed diets with RS, reflecting increased stimulation of fermentation in the gastrointestinal tract (Bolhuis et al, 2007). Moreover, it is also remarkable that the carcass gain : DE intake ratio was not affected by RS.…”

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confidence: 97%

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Effects of alginate and resistant starch on feeding patterns, behaviour and performance in ad libitum-fed growing pigs

Silva

Bosch

Bolhuis

et al. 2014

Animal

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This study assessed the long-term effects of feeding diets containing either a gelling fibre (alginate (ALG)), or a fermentable fibre (resistant starch (RS)), or both, on feeding patterns, behaviour and growth performance of growing pigs fed ad libitum for 12 weeks. The experiment was set up as a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement: inclusion of ALG (yes or no) and inclusion of RS (yes or no) in the control diet, resulting in four dietary treatments, that is, ALG−RS− (control), ALG+RS− , ALG−RS+ , and ALG+RS+ . Both ALG and RS were exchanged for pregelatinized potato starch. A total of 240 pigs in 40 pens were used. From all visits to an electronic feeding station, feed intake and detailed feeding patterns were calculated. Apparent total tract digestibility of energy, dry matter (DM), and CP was determined in week 6. Pigs' postures and behaviours were scored from live observations in weeks 7 and 12. Dietary treatments did not affect final BW and average daily gain (ADG). ALG reduced energy and DM digestibility (P < 0.01). Moreover, ALG increased average daily DM intake, and reduced backfat thickness and carcass gain : digestible energy (DE) intake (P < 0.05). RS increased feed intake per meal, meal duration (P < 0.05) and inter-meal intervals (P = 0.05), and reduced the number of meals per day (P < 0.01), but did not affect daily DM intake. Moreover, RS reduced energy, DM and CP digestibility (P < 0.01). Average daily DE intake was reduced (P < 0.05), and gain : DE intake tended to be increased (P = 0.07), whereas carcass gain : DE intake was not affected by RS. In week 12, ALG+RS− increased standing and walking, aggressive, feeder-directed, and drinking behaviours compared with ALG+RS+ (ALG × RS interaction, P < 0.05), with ALG−RS− and ALG−RS+ in between. No other ALG × RS interactions were found. In conclusion, pigs fed ALG compensated for the reduced dietary DE content by increasing their feed intake, achieving similar DE intake and ADG as control pigs. Backfat thickness and carcass efficiency were reduced in pigs fed ALG, which also showed increased physical activity. Pigs fed RS changed feeding patterns, but did not increase their feed intake. Despite a lower DE intake, pigs fed RS achieved similar ADG as control pigs by increasing efficiency in DE use. This indicates that the energy utilization of RS in pigs with ad libitum access to feed is close to that of enzymatically digestible starch.Keywords: dietary fibre, digestibility, feeding behaviour, growth, pigs Implications High-fibre diets generally limit energy intake and growth performance in restrictedly-fed finishing pigs. This study showed that not all fibres influence energy intake equally in ad libitum-fed pigs. Moreover, growth performance was overall not reduced, and feed efficiency was enhanced in pigs fed resistant starch, despite lower digestibility. This implies that energy utilization of resistant starch may be similar to that of digestible starch. For diets formulation and manufacturing, this could mean reduced need for starch gelatinization, wherea...

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confidence: 90%

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confidence: 97%

Effects of alginate and resistant starch on feeding patterns, behaviour and performance in ad libitum-fed growing pigs

Silva

Bosch

Bolhuis

et al. 2014

Animal

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“…Bertrand et al, 2011), which in turn changes intestinal motility and transit (Kemperman et al, 2007), and thereby potentially affects satiety (Sleeth et al, 2010). Intestinal motility could be reduced in RS-fed pigs, possibly leading to a reduced passage rate of digesta in the colon, in line with a previous study demonstrating increased full weights of the caecum and colon in pigs fed native potato starch (Bolhuis et al, 2007). It should be noted though that the relationship between intestinal 5-HT release and motility is not always in the same direction (see Bertrand et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Effects of resistant starch on behaviour, satiety-related hormones and metabolites in growing pigs

Silva

Haenen

Koopmans

et al. 2014

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Resistant starch (RS) has been suggested to prolong satiety in adult pigs. The present study investigated RS-induced changes in behaviour, satiety-related hormones and metabolites in catheterized growing pigs to explore possible underlying mechanisms for RS-induced satiety. In a cross-over design with two 14-day periods, 10 pigs (initial BW: 58 kg) were assigned to two treatments comprising diets containing either 35% pregelatinized starch (PS) or 34% retrograded starch (RS). Diets were isoenergetic on gross energy. Pigs were fed at 2.8 × maintenance. Postprandial plasma response of satiety-related hormones and metabolites was measured at the end of each period using frequent blood sampling. Faecal and urinary energy losses were measured at the end of each period. Behaviour was scored 24 h from video recordings using scan sampling. Energy digestibility and metabolizability werẽ 6% lower in RS compared with PS diet ( P < 0.001), and metabolizable energy (ME) intake was~3% lower in RS-fed than in PS-fed pigs ( P < 0.001). RS-fed pigs showed less feeder-directed ( P = 0.001) and drinking ( P = 0.10) behaviours than PS-fed pigs throughout the day. Postprandial peripheral short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels were higher in RS-fed than in PS-fed pigs ( P < 0.001). Postprandial glucose and insulin responses were lower in RS-fed than in PS-fed pigs ( P < 0.001). Triglyceride levels were higher in RS-fed than in PS-fed pigs ( P < 0.01), and non-esterified fatty acid levels did not differ between diets ( P = 0.90). Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels were lower in RS-fed than in PS-fed pigs ( P < 0.001), and peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) levels did not differ between diets ( P = 0.90). Blood serotonin levels were lower ( P < 0.001), whereas monoamine oxidase activity ( P < 0.05) and tryptophan ( P < 0.01) levels were higher in RS-fed than in PS-fed pigs. Despite a lower ME intake, RS seemed to prolong satiety, based on behavioural observations. Possible underlying mechanisms for RS-induced satiety include increased 24 h plasma SCFA levels, and decreased postprandial glucose and insulin responses. GLP-1 and PYY seemed not to play a role in RS-induced satiety. Low blood serotonin levels in RS-fed pigs suggested a difference in intestinal serotonin release between treatments. Increased postprandial plasma triglyceride levels corresponded with increased SCFA levels, but it is unclear whether triglycerides may have signalled satiety in RS-fed pigs.

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“…Moreover, both diets increased the relative empty weight of the colon, but only RS increased the weight of the total gastrointestinal tract. This is conceivably the result of an increase in bacterial mass and fermentation end-products [ 24 ] or an increase in metabolically active tissue in the colon [ 12 , 25 ]. The gut microbiota plays an important role in host physiology [ 26 ], and a different impact on community composition resulting from ingestion of these dietary fibers is therefore expected to occur due to their different physicochemical and metabolic properties.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistant starch diet induces change in the swine microbiome and a predominance of beneficial bacterial populations

et al. 2015

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BackgroundDietary fibers contribute to health and physiology primarily via the fermentative actions of the host’s gut microbiome. Physicochemical properties such as solubility, fermentability, viscosity, and gel-forming ability differ among fiber types and are known to affect metabolism. However, few studies have focused on how they influence the gut microbiome and how these interactions influence host health. The aim of this study is to investigate how the gut microbiome of growing pigs responds to diets containing gel-forming alginate and fermentable resistant starch and to predict important interactions and functional changes within the microbiota.ResultsNine growing pigs (3-month-old), divided into three groups, were fed with either a control, alginate-, or resistant starch-containing diet (CON, ALG, or RS), and fecal samples were collected over a 12-week period. SSU (small subunit) rDNA amplicon sequencing data was annotated to assess the gut microbiome, whereas comprehensive microarray polymer profiling (CoMPP) of digested material was employed to evaluate feed degradation. Gut microbiome structure variation was greatest in pigs fed with resistant starch, where notable changes included the decrease in alpha diversity and increase in relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae- and Ruminococcus-affiliated phylotypes. Imputed function was predicted to vary significantly in pigs fed with resistant starch and to a much lesser extent with alginate; however, the key pathways involving degradation of starch and other plant polysaccharides were predicted to be unaffected. The change in relative abundance levels of basal dietary components (plant cell wall polysaccharides and proteins) over time was also consistent irrespective of diet; however, correlations between the dietary components and phylotypes varied considerably in the different diets.ConclusionsResistant starch-containing diet exhibited the strongest structural variation compared to the alginate-containing diet. This variation gave rise to a microbiome that contains phylotypes affiliated with metabolically reputable taxonomic lineages. Despite the significant microbiome structural shifts that occurred from resistant starch-containing diet, functional redundancy is seemingly apparent with respect to the microbiome’s capacity to degrade starch and other dietary polysaccharides, one of the key stages in digestion.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40168-015-0078-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Effects of pregelatinized vs. native potato starch on intestinal weight and stomach lesions of pigs housed in barren pens or on straw bedding

Cited by 22 publications

References 8 publications

Effects of alginate and resistant starch on feeding patterns, behaviour and performance in ad libitum-fed growing pigs

Effects of alginate and resistant starch on feeding patterns, behaviour and performance in ad libitum-fed growing pigs

Effects of resistant starch on behaviour, satiety-related hormones and metabolites in growing pigs

Resistant starch diet induces change in the swine microbiome and a predominance of beneficial bacterial populations

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