Effects of preezing on marrow stem cell suspensions: Interactions of cooling and warming rates in the presence of pvp, sucrose, or glycerol

A randomized phase III clinical trial of autologous blood stem cell transplantation comparing cryopreservation using dimethylsulfoxide vs dimethylsulfoxide with hydroxyethylstarch

“…In general, the higher the concentration of a colligative cryoprotectant, the slower the optimal cooling rate. 29 In contrast, optimal rates for cooling when using extracellular cryoprotectants are generally more rapid, and the cells tolerate a broader range of cooling rates. The cooling rates in this study were rigidly controlled by use of a limited cryopreservation volume and a computer-controlled device to achieve a cooling rate of 11C/min.…”

A Cryobiological Method for the Enrichment of Fungal Mutants

“…The fact that different types of cells have different requirements for cooling and warming rates to achieve optimum viability following freezing has been amply demonstrated (Mazur, 19656, 1970;Mazur et al, 1972;Meryman, 1966a, b;Mazur & Schmidt, 1968;Leibo et al, 1970). It has also been shown that sensitivity to freezing of a given cell type varies with the stage of the growth cycle at the time of freezing (Meryman, 1966a;Mazur, 1965aMazur, , b, 1966Koch et al, 1970;McGann et al, 1972).…”

“…Although both techniques involve freezing, the 'freezing damage' to each system results from different types of injury (Mazur, 1965b(Mazur, . 1966(Mazur, , 1970Mazur et al, 1972;Diller & Gravalho, 1973). At cooling rates less than optimum, cells are killed by 'solute effects' (Mazur et al, 1972), including dehydration and concomitant changes in pH and changes in ionic strength, all of which result from the removal of pure water into ice.…”

Cryopreservation of Testicular Tissue

“…Due to the differential destructive effects of extracellular ice formation between cell suspensions and complex tissues, conventional approaches to cryopreservation of cells, even testis cells for instance, may not necessarily be suitable for multicellular tissues such as the testis tissue. Optimal cooling rates for various cell and tissue types have been shown to differ and be directly associated with the degree of water permeability of cell membranes at different temperatures during freezing (Leibo et al, 1970;Mazur, 1990;Pegg, 2007).…”