Effects of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharide on postoperative cognitive dysfunction and neuroinflammation through targeting of the gut-brain axis

Yang, Xu-Dong; Wang, Li-Kuan; Wang, Haiyin; Liang, Jing

doi:10.1186/s12871-018-0642-1

Cited by 93 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…There are multiple reports that investigate the ameliorating effect of oligosaccharides, sugars, and proteoglycans on inflammation [15,[82][83][84][85][86]. However, there are just a few papers [87,88], that focus on their effect on other aspects of complex diseases such as UC and CD. In the present study, we demonstrated that the modulation of the host microflora by a monosaccharide fucose did not affect the severity of the chronic colitis in terms of the intestinal inflammatory response, but partially ameliorated the changes in metabolism and behavior.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fucose Ameliorates Tryptophan Metabolism and Behavioral Abnormalities in a Mouse Model of Chronic Colitis

et al. 2020

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Growing evidence suggests that intestinal mucosa homeostasis impacts immunity, metabolism, the Central Nervous System (CNS), and behavior. Here, we investigated the effect of the monosaccharide fucose on inflammation, metabolism, intestinal microbiota, and social behavior in the Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-induced chronic colitis mouse model. Our data show that chronic colitis is accompanied by the decrease of the serum tryptophan level and the depletion of the intestinal microbiota, specifically tryptophan-producing E. coli and Bifidobacterium. These changes are associated with defects in the male mouse social behavior such as a lack of preference towards female bedding in an odor preference test. The addition of fucose to the test animals' diet altered the bacterial community, increased the abundance of tryptophan-producing E. coli, normalized blood tryptophan levels, and ameliorated social behavior deficits. At the same time, we observed no ameliorating effect of fucose on colon morphology and colitis. Our results suggest a possible mechanism by which intestinal inflammation affects social behavior in male mice. We propose fucose as a promising prebiotic, since it creates a favorable environment for the beneficial bacteria that promote normalization of serum tryptophan level and amelioration of the behavioral abnormalities in the odor preference test.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fucose Ameliorates Tryptophan Metabolism and Behavioral Abnormalities in a Mouse Model of Chronic Colitis

et al. 2020

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“…Recent preclinical work indicates that anesthetics can alter the diversity of the gut microbiome (Serbanescu et al., ), suggesting that a consequent increase in gut permeability may contribute to the raised levels of proinflammatory cytokines. In this context, it may also be of note that prebiotics have been shown to decrease the incidence of POCD in preclinical models (Yang, Wang, Wu, & Jiao, ). Heightened levels of postoperative proinflammatory cytokines can also prevent the synthesis of pineal melatonin (Pontes, Cardoso, Carneiro‐Sampaio, & Markus, ), suggesting that the raised cytokine levels evident in the Light group, may be associated with alterations in circadian regulation, as well as the antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and mitochondria‐optimizing effects of melatonin (Polyakova et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BIS‐guided deep anesthesia decreases short‐term postoperative cognitive dysfunction and peripheral inflammation in elderly patients undergoing abdominal surgery

et al. 2019

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Objectives Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common clinical complication, with an underlying pathophysiology linked to heightened levels of neuroinflammation. However, it requires clarification as to whether the depth of anesthesia modulates postoperative cognitive dysfunction. This study investigated the association between depth of anesthesia and POCD in elderly patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Methods A total of 120 patients aged 60 years or older who were planned for abdominal surgery under total intravenous anesthesia were included in this study. The depth of anesthesia was guided by monitoring Bispectral Index (BIS) data. All study participants completed a battery of nine neuropsychological tests before surgery and at 7 days and 3 months after surgery. POCD was calculated by using the reliable change index. Plasma concentration of C‐reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐10, S‐100β, and norepinephrine (NE) were measured. Results The incidence of POCD at 7 days after surgery in the deep anesthesia group was 19.2% (10/52), which was significantly lower (p = 0.032) than the light anesthesia group 39.6% (21/53). The depth of anesthesia had no effect on POCD at 3 months after surgery (10.3% vs 14.6%, respectively, p = 0.558). Similarly, plasma levels of CRP and IL‐1β in deep anesthesia group were lower than that in light anesthesia group at 7 days after surgery (p < 0.05), but not at 3 months after surgery (p > 0.05). There were no significant differences in the plasma concentration of IL‐10, S‐100β, and NE between the groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions Deep anesthesia under total intravenous anesthesia could decrease the occurrence of short‐term POCD and inhibit postoperative peripheral inflammation in elderly patients undergoing abdominal surgery, compared with light anesthesia.

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“…Eight-week old rats ( n = 24) were randomly allocated to receive equal concentrations of prebiotic fibres in the drinking water (PREB; 7.5 g/L of galactooligossaccharides and fructooligosaccharides; source: Healy group, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland) with ad libitum access for 4-weeks to promote the growth of beneficial host microbiota. Concentrations and prebiotics (galactooligossaccharides and fructooligosaccharides) were chosen based on results from previous studies [45] , [46] , [47] . After 2 weeks of PREB treatment, a subset of rats were exposed to CIH (see Section 2.4 ) for the final 2 weeks creating two groups: Sham+PREB ( n = 12) and CIH+PREB ( n = 12).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prebiotic administration modulates gut microbiota and faecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations but does not prevent chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced apnoea and hypertension in adult rats

et al. 2020

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Background Evidence is accruing to suggest that microbiota-gut-brain signalling plays a regulatory role in cardiorespiratory physiology. Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), modelling human sleep apnoea, affects gut microbiota composition and elicits cardiorespiratory morbidity. We investigated if treatment with prebiotics ameliorates cardiorespiratory dysfunction in CIH-exposed rats. Methods Adult male rats were exposed to CIH (96 cycles/day, 6.0% O 2 at nadir) for 14 consecutive days with and without prebiotic supplementation (fructo- and galacto-oligosaccharides) beginning two weeks prior to gas exposures. Findings CIH increased apnoea index and caused hypertension. CIH exposure had modest effects on the gut microbiota, decreasing the relative abundance of Lactobacilli species, but had no effect on microbial functional characteristics. Faecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations, plasma and brainstem pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations and brainstem neurochemistry were unaffected by exposure to CIH. Prebiotic administration modulated gut microbiota composition and diversity, altering gut-metabolic (GMMs) and gut-brain (GBMs) modules and increased faecal acetic and propionic acid concentrations, but did not prevent adverse CIH-induced cardiorespiratory phenotypes. Interpretation CIH-induced cardiorespiratory dysfunction is not dependant upon changes in microbial functional characteristics and decreased faecal SCFA concentrations. Prebiotic-related modulation of microbial function and resultant increases in faecal SCFAs were not sufficient to prevent CIH-induced apnoea and hypertension in our model. Our results do not exclude the potential for microbiota-gut-brain axis involvement in OSA-related cardiorespiratory morbidity, but they demonstrate that in a relatively mild model of CIH, sufficient to evoke classic cardiorespiratory dysfunction, such changes are not obligatory for the development of morbidity, but may become relevant in the elaboration and maintenance of cardiorespiratory morbidity with progressive disease. Funding Department of Physiology and APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland. APC Microbiome Ireland is funded by Science Foundation Ireland, through the Government's National Development Plan.

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Effects of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharide on postoperative cognitive dysfunction and neuroinflammation through targeting of the gut-brain axis

Cited by 93 publications

References 54 publications

Fucose Ameliorates Tryptophan Metabolism and Behavioral Abnormalities in a Mouse Model of Chronic Colitis

Fucose Ameliorates Tryptophan Metabolism and Behavioral Abnormalities in a Mouse Model of Chronic Colitis

BIS‐guided deep anesthesia decreases short‐term postoperative cognitive dysfunction and peripheral inflammation in elderly patients undergoing abdominal surgery

Prebiotic administration modulates gut microbiota and faecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations but does not prevent chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced apnoea and hypertension in adult rats

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