Effects of Pre-reducing Sb-Doped SnO2 Electrodes in Viologen-Anchored TiO2 Nanostructure-Based Electrochromic Devices

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate the effects of pre-reducing Sb-doped SnO 2 (ATO) electrodes in viologen-anchored TiO 2 (VTO) nanostructure-based electrochromic devices. We find that by pre-reducing an ATO electrode, the operating voltage of a VTO nanostructure-based electrochromic device can be lowered; consequently, such a device can be operated more stably with less hysteresis. Further, we find that a pre-reduction of the ATO electrode does not affect the coloration efficiency of such a device. The aforementioned effects of a pre-reduction are attributed to the fact that a pre-reduced ATO electrode is more compatible with a VTO nanostructure-based electrochromic device than a non-pre-reduced ATO electrode, because of the initial oxidized state of the other electrode of the device, that is, a VTO nanostructurebased electrode. The oxidation state of a pre-reduced ATO electrode plays a very important role in the operation of a VTO nanostructure-based electrochromic device because it strongly influences charge movement during electrochromic switching.

Tunable graduated filters based on electrochromic materials for spatial image control

“…3(a) in the transparent and opaque state, respectively. At a wavelength of 650 nm, we reach a value of CE = 280 mC/cm 2 , which slightly exceeds the CE of other EC systems using viologen molecules 21–23 .…”

Light- and space-adaptable display

“…Moreover, batteries run out faster in such cases to raise the brightness. Reflective-type displays like electronic papers will provide much better visibility and longer battery time under this condition [1][2][3]. It is also known that papers are useless in the dark, and thus, the development of a display that is operable in both the emissive and reflective modes is one of the main goals of the authors.…”