Effects of pre-germinated brown rice treatment high-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome in C57BL/6J mice

Abstract

To investigate using pre-germinated brown rice (PGBR) to treat metabolic syndrome, we fed one group of mice standard-regular-diet (SRD) for 20 weeks and another group of mice high-fat-diet (HFD) for 16 weeks. We subdivided them into HFD group and HFD + PGBR group whose dietary carbohydrate was replaced with PGBR for 4 weeks. The HFD group gained more weight, had higher blood pressure, heart rate, blood glucose and lipids, liver levels of TG, feces TG and bile acid, lower adipose levels of adipocytokine, lower skeletal muscle IR, IRS-1, IRS-2, PI3 K, Akt/PKB, GLUT-1, GLUT-4, GCK and PPAR-γ; higher liver SREBP-1, SCD-1, FAS, HMGCR, LDLR, CYP7α1 and PPAR-α, and higher adipose SREBP-1, SCD-1, FAS, and lower adipose PPAR-α and adiponectin. The HFD + PGBR group had clearly improved blood pressure, biochemical parameters and above proteins expressions. PGBR successful treatment of metabolic syndrome was achieved through improvements in glucose and lipid synthesis and metabolism.

Pre-germinated brown rice extract ameliorates high-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome

“…In addition to controlling blood glucose levels, dietary fibers also regulate bile acid metabolism and lipid concentrations in plasma (Repin et al, ; Villanueva‐Suárez, Pérez‐Cózar, Mateos‐Aparicio, & Redondo‐Cuenca, ). However, in our previous studies where mice were fed a HFD and HFD mixed with PGBR, although there were no differences in the amount of dietary fibers in those two groups, the mice fed with HFD mixed PGBR were healthier than those fed with HFD only (Shen et al, ; Yen et al, ). In the current study, we fed mice either a HFD or HFD with three different doses of oral gavage PGBRE (30, 300, or 600 mg/kg per day).…”

“…The relative expression levels were quantified using Image-Pro Plus (Media Cybernetics, Rockville, MD, USA). The methods followed those of our previous studies (Shen et al, 2016(Shen et al, , 2015Yen et al, 2017).…”

“…The cereal PGBR undoubtedly improves metabolic syndrome. Our previous studies have clearly established that it ameliorates hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia by glucose recovery and lipid metabolism and synthesis after previous deterioration by long‐term consumption of a high‐fat diet (HFD) (Shen et al, ; Yen et al, ). We previously used pre‐germinated brown rice extract (PGBRE), containing no dietary fiber, to treat the HepG2 cell line with insulin resistance induced by TNF‐α.…”

The Beneficial Effect of Anthocyanidin‐Rich Vitis vinifera L. Grape Skin Extract on Metabolic Changes Induced by High‐Fat Diet in Mice Involves Antiinflammatory and Antioxidant Actions

“…In addition, a potential role of adiponectin on AMPK and insulin action has been reported in skeletal muscle of individuals with common metabolic disorders (Yoon et al, 2006). Indeed, recent studies in C57BL6 mice fed with HFD (Yen et al, 2017) have demonstrated a decreased GLUT4 expression and uptake of glucose in the muscle that was mainly attributed to a reduced activity of AMPK. In the present study, we found that the HF group had lower pAMPK/AMPK ratio than the control group in the skeletal muscle, associated with reduced plasma levels of adiponectin, suggesting a role for AMPK and adiponectin in the reduced expression of GLUT4 in obese mice.…”

Aldehyde Dehydrogenase-2 Attenuates Myocardial Remodeling and Contractile Dysfunction Induced by a High-Fat Diet

“…Chronic consumption of a high-fat (HF) diet leads to metabolic syndrome (MS), which is characterized by a number of metabolic disorders, including obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, and high triglyceride levels [1]. Obesity induced by a HF diet is associated with the increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which induce oxidative stress in the body [2].…”