Effects of pre-colonisation and temperature on interspecific fungal interactions in wood

Hiscox, Jennifer; Clarkson, George; Savoury, Melanie; Powell, Gavin; Savva, Ioannis; Lloyd, Matthew T.; Shipcott, Joseph; Choimes, Argyrios; Cumbriu, Xavier Amargant; Boddy, Lynne

doi:10.1016/j.funeco.2016.01.011

Cited by 56 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Additionally, in some species combinations it could also qualitatively alter the type of interaction between competitors, such as changing overgrowth to deadlock. This is in line with previous findings (Hiscox, Clarkson, et al , 2016) and could be a valuable extension to our simulation model.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In nature, isolated growth of fungi is rare, usually occurring only when new territory is colonized (Boddy, 2000), and fungi normally live in highly complex communities of different species that compete for space and display a broad range of mostly antagonistic interactions (Boddy, 2000; Toljander et al , 2006; Hiscox and Boddy, 2017), which influence community composition (Boddy, 2000, 2001). Several studies have shown that fungal combative ability is not only dependent on the species that interact, but also on environmental factors such as resource availability (Stahl and Christensen, 1992; Falconer et al , 2008) or temperature (Boddy et al , 1985; Schoeman et al , 1996; Toljander et al , 2006; Hiscox, Clarkson, et al , 2016), and temperature changes can even lead to reversed competitive outcomes (Crowther et al , 2012). Therefore, we expect that heat priming, which affects species of distinct primeability differently in their response to heat stress, has an impact on fungal community development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stress priming affects fungal competition – evidence from a combined experimental and modeling study

Wesener

Szymczak

Rillig

et al. 2020

Preprint

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10Priming, an inducible stress defense strategy that prepares an organism for an impending stress 11 event, is common in microbes and has been studied mostly in isolated organisms or populations. 12 How the benefits of priming change in the microbial community context and, vice versa, whether 13 priming influences competition between organisms, remains largely unknown. In this combined 14 experimental and modeling study, we developed a cellular automaton model based on dedicated 15 data of different isolates of soil fungi in isolation and pairwise competition experiments. With the 16 model, we simulated growth of the ascomycete Chaetomium elatum competing against other fungi 17 to understand which species traits influence the benefit of priming and the effect of priming on 18 competition. We showed that competition changes the priming benefit compared to isolated 19 growth, and that it depends not only on the primeable species itself, but also on the competitors' 20 traits such as growth rate, primeability and stress susceptibility. In addition, we showed that priming 21 benefits were not always reflected in the competitive outcome. With this study, we transferred 22 insights on priming from studies in isolation to the community context. This is an important step 23 towards understanding the role of inducible defenses in microbial community assembly and 24 composition. 25 26 86 systematically assess the effect of fungal species traits and of competition on the benefits of 87 priming. Moreover, the model served to investigate how priming influences competition between 88 species. 89 Experimental setup 90 For the laboratory experiment, six soil fungal species (Ascomycetes Chaetomium elatum, Fusarium 91 redolens, Fusarium oxysporum and Truncatella angustata, Basidiomycete Pleurotus sapidus and 92 Mucoromycete Morteriella elongata) were grown in isolation and in competition in a full-factorial 93 6design of priming and triggering for heat stress. The soil saprotrophic fungi were originally taken 94 from a grassland site in Mallnow (Mallnow Lebus, Brandenburg, Germany, 52°27.778' N, 14°29.349' 95 E). All fungi were grown under constant conditions of 22 °C in a Petri dish of 90 mm diameter on 96 potato dextrose agar (PDA). The durations and intensities of priming stimulus and strong heat stress 97 (triggering stimulus) were determined in a pre-experiment. As priming stimulus, we used a mild, 98 non-detrimental heat stress of 35 °C for two hours, as triggering stimulus, we used a temperature of 99 45 °C for two hours. After receiving a priming/triggering stimulus, the temperature was set back to 100 22 °C. The full-factorial combination of priming and triggering stimuli resulted in the following 101 treatments: i) A control treatment (C), simulating constant conditions of 22 °C with no disturbance, 102ii) a priming-only treatment (P), in which a fungus experienced the priming stimulus after one day of 103 undisturbed growth, iii) a triggering-only treatment (T), in which a triggering heat stress was 104 applied, a...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress priming affects fungal competition – evidence from a combined experimental and modeling study

Wesener

Szymczak

Rillig

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition, the OTU richness indexes of fungi significantly increased after the growing period of green garlic, and a dramatic temporally declining tendency was observed in the community composition after cucumber was planted in 2013 and 2014 (Figure 2). It can be explained by the fact that environmental variables have clear effects on fungal interaction, especially the temperature at the end of the green garlic growing period (15 March), which is more suitable for fungal growth [64]. Our findings showed that the fungal communities were well grouped according to the cropping systems, not only in the alpha diversity, but also in the community structure.…”

Section: The Dynamics Of a Three-year Green Garlic/cucumber Crop Rotamentioning

confidence: 62%

Dynamics of a Soil Fungal Community in a Three-Year Green Garlic/Cucumber Crop Rotation System in Northwest China

2018

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Abstract:A decreased soil biological environment in terms of an unstable microbial population and diversity index is primarily caused by intensive continuous cropping systems. In this study, a crop rotation system was established to evaluate the soil fungal diversity using a pyrosequencing-based analysis during three successive growing seasons (2013, 2014, and 2015) under a field pot investigation. We found that overall green garlic/cucumber rotational effects increased cucumber productivity under these growing practices. Analysis of fungal communities in rhizosphere soils by high-throughput pyrosequencing showed that the estimated treatment effects were more obvious during the three-year trials, and OTU richness was much higher than the control in cucumber-planted soils. The relative frequencies of fungal diversity showed variable responses before and after rotation practices, and mainly α-diversity of fungi increased in garlic planted soil and again decreased after cucumber planted soil in each year. The phylogenetic classification illustrated that the fungal communities were dominated by the taxa Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota, Glomeromycota, and Zygomycota across all samples. Particularly, the relative abundance of the taxon Ascomycota was largely and predominantly enriched with the increasing number of garlic bulbs during the three years. Moreover, the majority of abundant taxa positively correlated with available P and K contents, while being highly negatively correlated with soil pH, EC, and SOC. These results indicate that garlic-cucumber-based crop rotations induce fungal richness and diversity and promote the sustainability of agricultural ecosystems, thus enhancing crop growth and production.

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“…S1). These temperatures represent summer season mean temperatures at our plots (Cloquet, MN, see Tjoelker et al 2008) and have been used to study competition of wood-degrading fungi in temperate regions (Hiscox et al 2016). Given that our goal, however, was not to extrapolate a temperature relationship to field conditions, but instead to simply give either fungus its best chance to override priority colonization, we included treatments at both temperatures.…”

Section: F U N G a L I S O L A T E S F O R I N O C U L A T I O N Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal endophytes as priority colonizers initiating wood decomposition

et al. 2016

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Summary Priority effects among wood decomposers have been demonstrated by manipulating fungal assembly history via inoculations in dead wood and then tracking community development using DNA sequencing. Individual wood‐degrading fungi have been shown, however, to initiate decay after having colonized living trees as endophytes. To track these ‘upstream’ colonizers across the endophyte–saprophyte transition, we coupled high‐throughput sequencing with wood physiochemical analyses in stem sections extracted from healthy birch trees (Betula papyrifera; 4–7 cm dia.). We incubated wood in microcosms, limiting communities as endophytes−only or challenging endophytes with Fomes fomentarius or Piptoporus betulinus at high exogenous inoculum potential. Initial fungal richness in birch stems averaged 143 OTUs and decreased nearly threefold after five months of decomposition. Although F. fomentarius successfully colonized some stem sections incubated at 25 °C, decayed wood was generally dominated by saprophytic fungi that were present originally in lower abundances as endophytes. Among saprophytes, fungi in the brown rot functional guild consistently dominated, matching wood residues bearing the chemical hallmarks of brown rot. Despite this functionally redundant outcome, the taxa that rose to dominate in individual sections varied. Surprisingly, the brown rot taxa dominating wood decomposition were better known for lumber degradation rather than log decay in ground contact. Given the isolation from colonizers in our design, this redundancy of brown rot as the outcome suggests that these taxa and more generally brown rot fungi could have adapted to decompose wood where there is lower competitive pressure. Competitive avoidance would complement the diffuse depolymerization mechanisms of brown rot fungi, which are likely more prone to sugar pilfering by other organisms than the processive depolymerization mechanisms of white rot fungi. Overall, this guild‐level predictability of fungal endophyte development and consequence is encouraging given the challenges of predicting wood decomposition, and it provides a base for testing these dynamics under increasing natural complexity.

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Effects of pre-colonisation and temperature on interspecific fungal interactions in wood

Cited by 56 publications

References 41 publications

Stress priming affects fungal competition – evidence from a combined experimental and modeling study

Stress priming affects fungal competition – evidence from a combined experimental and modeling study

Dynamics of a Soil Fungal Community in a Three-Year Green Garlic/Cucumber Crop Rotation System in Northwest China

Fungal endophytes as priority colonizers initiating wood decomposition

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