Effects of Pre- and Postnatal Exposure to Chlorinated Dioxins and Furans on Human Neonatal Thyroid Hormone Concentrations

Pluim, Hendrik J.; Vijlder, J. J. M. De; Olie, K.; Kok, Joke H.; Vulsma, Thomas; Tijn, David A. van; Slikke, J.W. van der; Koppe, Janna G.

doi:10.2307/3431587

Cited by 27 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Mazhitova et al 24 did not find any association between chlorinated contaminants, which included HCB, and thyroid hormones in schoolchildren form the Aral Sea region. Reduction in plasma T4 concentrations, however, has been described after exposure to PCBs25-27 and dioxins 28…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between serum concentrations of hexachlorobenzene and polychlorobiphenyls with thyroid hormone and liver enzymes in a sample of the general population

Sala¹

2001

Occup Environ Med

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Objectives-Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) is a highly lipophilic organochlorine compound of widespread environmental occurrence, that accumulates in the biological system. It aVects the porphyrine metabolism, thyroid hormones, and the liver function in animals. Although HCB is one of the most common organochlorine compound in humans, little investigation on its health eVects has been done. Polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) are also widespread toxic environmental contaminants. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of serum HCB and PCB concentrations with thyroid hormone status and liver enzymes in human. Methods-Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), total and free thyroxine (T4), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and -glutamyltransferase (GGT) were measured as biological markers of thyroid and liver function in a rural population sample older than 14 years (n=192, except for TSH with n=608) highly exposed to HCB. Serum concentrations of HCB were measured by gas chromatography coupled to electron capture detection. Results-After adjustment for confounding variables, there was a significant negative association between serum HCB concentrations and total T4 (a decrease of 0.32 µg/dl per each unit, ln ng/ml, of increase of HCB) and a positive association with GGT (a relative increase of 10 % per each ln unit of increase of HCB), although most subjects (92%) were within the normal range for both T4 and GGT. These associations were not modified after adjustment for total lipid content or for other organochlorine compounds. The association of T4 and GGT with PCB was smaller although significant. No association was found with the other biochemical markers. Conclusions-These results suggest that the internal dose of HCB of this population may reflect a subtle metabolic eVect on thyroid function and an enzymatic induction activity. Further studies are needed to evaluate the health impact of these eVects in more susceptible populations, such as infants. (Occup Environ Med 2001;58:172-177)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between serum concentrations of hexachlorobenzene and polychlorobiphenyls with thyroid hormone and liver enzymes in a sample of the general population

Sala¹

2001

Occup Environ Med

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“…Accelerated metamorphosis would seem to be related to earlier production of thyroxine (T4). Studies have found both reduced and increased serum T4 levels in PCH‐exposed animals [37]; however, the mechanism by which TCDD causes accelerated metamorphosis is unknown. Shorter time to metamorphosis and larger body size are often associated with enhanced survival and fitness in amphibians [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin (TCDD) on development of anuran amphibians

Jung

Walker

1997

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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We exposed anuran eggs and tadpoles to vehicle control (0.7% acetone) or waterborne [3H]2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin (TCDD) for 24 h (American toad, 0.003‐30 μg/L; leopard frog, 3 μg/L; green frog, 0.3‐100 μg/L) and subsequently raised them in clean water. Neither American toads nor green frogs exhibited TCDD‐related mortality, but leopard frogs showed significantly increased (10%) mortality over controls. Eggs and tadpoles eliminated TCDD relatively quickly compared with published data for other vertebrates, with t1/2 of 1 to 5 d (American toad), 2 to 7 d (leopard frog), and 4 to 6 d (green frog). Elimination rates were slowest for tadpoles fed nothing, fastest for those fed a low‐fat diet, and intermediate for those fed a high‐fat diet. Although not significant, American toads exposed to ⩾0.03 μg TCDD/L appeared to metamorphose earlier, and those exposed to higher TCDD treatments appeared to metamorphose at a larger body mass than controls. Comparisons of these results with studies of fish early life stages suggest that anuran eggs and tadpoles eliminate TCDD more rapidly and are 100‐ to 1,000‐fold less sensitive to its deleterious effects during development. These differences may be related to differences in metabolic rate, patterns of lipid storage and utilization, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor binding and signal transduction.

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“…The endocrine system is also a critical target for dioxin at low doses [20–23]. Dioxins have been shown to affect the levels of hormones, the number of hormone receptors, and the serum transport of various hormones.…”

Section: Toxicologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dioxins have been shown to affect the levels of hormones, the number of hormone receptors, and the serum transport of various hormones. Concentrations of thyroxin are often decreased and transport of thyroid hormones is also altered with a compensatory increase in TSH levels [21–23]. These effects are also demonstrable in humans (see below).…”

Section: Toxicologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of PCBs and dioxins on child health

et al. 2006

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BACKGROUND/EXPOSURE: Dioxins and PCBs are highly persistent and highly toxic environmental pollutants which at present are derived mainly from waste incineration and food contamination. They are widespread in nature and pollute human food, including breast milk so that basically all children in Europe are exposed to measurable levels. RESULTS/TOXICITY IN CHILDREN: The toxicity of dioxins and PCBs are well described both from animal studies and from a number of human epidemiological studies including several large cohort studies. Especially developmental exposure has been shown to affect endocrine and cognitive systems negatively. Measurable outcomes include reduced IQ and changed behaviour. Foetotoxic effects with reduced birth weight and increased congenital anomalies such as cleft lip have also been described. Exposure to PCBs and dioxins must be considered also in the context of multiple exposure to several toxins simultaneously or sequentially. CONCLUSION/SUGGESTED ACTION: Some measures aimed at reducing exposure to dioxins have been partly successful in that the dioxin content of breast milk is going down. However, further steps to reduce exposure must be taken. We suggest legislative measures for reducing the re-entry of especially PCBs from waste into the environment. Individual pre-conception counselling is recommended in order to reduce developmental exposure and its consequences. Biomonitoring of the substances themselves in breast milk and foods is recommended as well as monitoring possible endocrine effects.

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Effects of Pre- and Postnatal Exposure to Chlorinated Dioxins and Furans on Human Neonatal Thyroid Hormone Concentrations

Cited by 27 publications

References 28 publications

Association between serum concentrations of hexachlorobenzene and polychlorobiphenyls with thyroid hormone and liver enzymes in a sample of the general population

Association between serum concentrations of hexachlorobenzene and polychlorobiphenyls with thyroid hormone and liver enzymes in a sample of the general population

Effects of 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin (TCDD) on development of anuran amphibians

The effects of PCBs and dioxins on child health

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