Effects of potential trap crops and planting date on soil infestation with potato cyst nematodes and root‐knot nematodes

Abstract

In 1997 and 1998 the stimulation of hatch of potato cyst nematodes (PCN) by a trap crop was studied at various times during the growing season in a container and a field experiment. Solanurn nigrum '90-4750-188' was used as the trap crop in both experiments and was sown on 1 May, 16 June or 1 August in two successive years on different plots. Neither experiment revealed much seasonal variation in hatchability of PCN juveniles under a trap crop. In the container experiment, the hatch of the Globodera pallida Pa3 population was equally and strongly stimulated (89%) at all sowing dates in both years, except for the 1 August sowing in 1998 (when the hatch was 77% under extremely wet soil conditions). In the control treatment with non-hosts (flax followed by barley) the total spontaneous hatch was 50% over 2 yr. In the field experiment, the hatch of PCN, averaged over the four populations, was also equally stimulated (71%) at all sowing dates in both years. In the control treatment with non-hosts (flax-barley) the total spontaneous hatch was 36% over 2 yr. Total hatch under the trap crop over 2 yr varied between the four PCN populations from 63% to 80%.In 1998 and 1999, control of potato cyst nematodes (PCN) by the potential trap crops Solanum sisymbriifolium and S. nigrum '90-4750-188' was studied in the field. Potato was also included as a trap crop. In the 1998 experiment, potato, S. sisymbriifolium and S. nigmm strongly stimulated the hatch of PCN compared with the non-host white mustard (Sinapis alba). Roots of potato and white mustard were mainly found in the top 10 cm of soil, whereas roots of S. sisymbrigolium and S. nigrum were also abundant at depths of 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm. In the 1999 experiment, soil infestation with PCN decreased markedly with potato and S. sisymbriifolium as trap crops. In plots moderately to severely infested with 2yr old cysts (2-29 juveniles r n -' air dried soil), potato reduced soil infestation by 87% and S. sisymbriifolium by 77%. In plots moderately to severely infested with 1-yr old cysts the reductions were 74% and 60%, respectively. The reduction was least on plots very severely infested with PCN (110-242 juveniles ml-' soil): 69% and 52% for potato and S. sisymbriifolium, respectively. Soil infestations of plots that were initially slightly to severely infested with the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla were greatly reduced under fallow and S. sisymbriifolium but increased under potato. From these and previous experiments it was concluded that, for several reasons, S. sisymbriifolium is a promising trap crop.

Effect of red clover on hatching and population density of Heterodera glycines (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae)

“…Such plants have been used in some studies to control cyst nematode populations (Cooke, 1985;Gardner and Caswell-chen, 1993;Koch et al, 1998;Krall et al, 2000;Scholte, 2000a,b;Scholte and Vos, 2000;Turner and Stone, 1981). However, on soybean cyst nematode only a few such studies have been conducted.…”

Effects of Crotalaria juncea and C. spectabilis on hatching and population density of the soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae)

“…Resistant plant species with hatch-promoting activity toward potato cyst nematode or beet cyst nematode have also been used in some studies to control populations of those nematodes (Turner and Stone, 1981;Cooke, 1985;Gardner and Caswell-chen, 1993;Sundararaj, 1998, 2000;Koch et al, 1998;Scholte, 2000b,c;Scholte and Vos, 2000). However, there have been only a few studies on the control of H. glycines populations by the use of such resistant plants.…”

Decrease in Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber) (Nematode: Heteroderidae) population density on resistant tomato cultivars in greenhouse trials

“…We think that the resistant tomato cultivar is as effective as the resistant potato cultivars for the suppression of PCN populations. Moreover, the resistant tomato and resistant tomato rootstock cultivars are equally or more effective than S. peruvianum and S. sisymbriifolium, two non-tuber-bearing solanaceous plants that have been studied for use as trap crops for PCN (Scholte, 2000;Scholte and Vos, 2000;Yamada et al, 2007).…”