Effects of Postural Constraints on Children's Catching Behavior

Davids, Keith; Bennett, Simon J.; Kingsbury, Damian; Jolley, Lorraine; Brain, Tina

doi:10.1080/02701367.2000.10608882

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…20 In a different study, Savelsbergh et al 21 observed that children were able to catch more balls in a seated compared to a standing condition. 21,22 These experiments clearly suggest that a stable or controlled platform allows to improve the speed-accuracy characteristics of upperlimb movements. [20][21][22] An alternative explanation for the increased MT relates to the mechanical consequence of the greater inertial load of the arm and forearm of the obese subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…21,22 These experiments clearly suggest that a stable or controlled platform allows to improve the speed-accuracy characteristics of upperlimb movements. [20][21][22] An alternative explanation for the increased MT relates to the mechanical consequence of the greater inertial load of the arm and forearm of the obese subjects. According to this hypothesis, moving heavier segments would require more force, and this could lead to a longer MT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…For instance, when aiming or reaching for an object from an upright standing position, proper balance control offers a stable or controlled platform for the goal-directed movement. [20][21][22] When aiming for a target as fast as possible, the speed and accuracy of a movement are two constraints that are used to define the motor performance. The relationship between these two variables has been formalized as Fitts' law.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of obesity on accurate and rapid arm movement performed from a standing posture

Berrigan

Simoneau

Tremblay³

et al. 2006

Int J Obes

104

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Introduction: Obesity yields a decreased postural stability. The potentially negative impact of obesity on the control of upper limb movements, however, has not been documented. This study sought to examine if obesity imposes an additional balance control constraint limiting the speed and accuracy with which an upper limb goal-directed movement performed from an upright standing position can be executed. Method: Eight healthy lean subjects (body mass index (BMI) between 20.9 and 25.0 kg/m 2 ) and nine healthy obese subjects (BMI between 30.5 and 48.6 kg/m 2 ) pointed to a target located in front of them from an upright standing posture. The task was to aim at the target as fast and as precisely as possible after an auditory signal. The difficulty of the task was varied by using different target sizes (0.5, 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 cm width). Hand movement time (MT) and velocity profiles were measured to quantify the aiming. Centre of pressure and segmental kinematics were analysed to document postural stability. Results: When aiming, the forward centre of pressure (CP) displacement was greater for the obese group than for the normal BMI group (4.6 and 1.9 cm, respectively). For the obese group, a decrease in the target size was associated with an increase in backward CP displacement and CP peak speed whereas for the normal BMI group backward CP displacements and CP peak speed were about the same across all target sizes. Obese participants aimed at the target moving their whole body forward whereas the normal BMI subjects predominantly made an elbow extension and shoulder flexion. For both groups, MT increased with a decreasing target size. Compare to the normal BMI group, this effect was exacerbated for the obese group. For the two smallest targets, movements were on average 115 and 145 ms slower for the obese than for the normal BMI group suggesting that obesity added a balance constraint and limited the speed with which an accurate movement could be done. Summary: Obesity, because of its effects on the control of balance, also imposes constraints on goal-directed movements. From a clinical perspective, obese individuals might be less efficient and more at risk of injuries than normal weight individuals in a large number of work tasks and daily activities requiring upper limb movements performed from an upright standing position.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Influence of obesity on accurate and rapid arm movement performed from a standing posture

Berrigan

Simoneau

Tremblay³

et al. 2006

Int J Obes

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It could be that the redundancies in the degrees of freedom associated with standing at a desk ultimately provide movement flexibility, and permit greater end point accuracy (21,22). In contrast, a seated posture reduces the functional degrees of freedom, leading to a reduced level of functional adaptability to ensure optimisation of task performance (23), while limiting the ability to attenuate perturbations to postural control. It is possible that due to the task constraints imposed whilst sitting, the potential for the children to use lower body movements, such as a rotation in the trunk, to enhance manual performance was limited.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of standing desks on manual control in children and young adults

et al. 2016

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The aim of the present study was to establish if and how the additional postural constraint of standing affects accuracy and precision of goal directed naturalistic actions. Forty participants, comprising 20 young adults aged 20 -23 years and 20 children aged 9-10 years completed 3 manual dexterity tasks on a tablet laptop with a handheld stylus during two separate conditions (1) while standing (2) while seated. The order of conditions was counterbalanced across both groups of participants. The tasks were (1) a tracking task, where the stylus tracked a dot in a figure of 8 at 3 speeds (2) an aiming task where the stylus moved from dot to dot with individual movements creating the outline of a pentagram (3) a tracing task, where participants had to move the stylus along a static pathway or maze. Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), movement time and path accuracy, respectively, were used to quantify the effect that postural condition had on manual control.Overall adults were quicker and more accurate than children when performing all 3 tasks, and where the task speed was manipulated accuracy was better at slower speeds for all participants. Surprisingly, children performed these tasks more quickly and more accurately when standing compared to when sitting. In conclusion, standing at a desk while performing goal directed tasks did not detrimentally affect children's manual control, and moreover offered a benefit.

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“…Postural regulation is required when catching a passing ball, both to counter effects of raising an arm upwards and towards the object in space, but also to adjust against potential disequilibrium caused by the mechanical impulse of an approaching projectile acting on the hand (Tijtgat et al, 2013;Williams & McCririe, 1988). Indeed, previous research has shown that poor catchers were able to achieve the performance level of good catchers when additional support for postural control was provided to reduce the number of motor system degrees of freedom that need to be coordinated in a synergy (see Angelakopoulos, Davids, Bennett, Tsorbatzoudis, & Grouios, 2005;Davids, Bennett, Kingsbury, Jolley, & Brain, 2000;Savelsbergh, et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%