Effects of postlingual deafness on speech production: Implications for the role of auditory feedback

Waldstein, Robin S.

doi:10.1121/1.400107

Cited by 176 publications

(119 citation statements)

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“…In both adult humans and some songbirds, auditory feedback has been thought to guide the acquisition of learned sounds but to play less of a role in maintaining them (Konishi, 1965;Borden, 1979). It has been suggested recently that the severity of the effects of sudden deafness on speech depends on the age at onset of deafness (Waldstein, 1990). The agedependent differences reported by this author resulted from comparing the effects of onset of deafness in children versus adults.…”

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confidence: 68%

Age at Deafening Affects the Stability of Learned Song in Adult Male Zebra Finches

2000

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Male zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) master the imitation of a song model 80-90 d after hatching and retain it with little change for the rest of their lives. Acquisition and maintenance of this imitation require intact hearing. A previous report showed that male zebra finches deafened as adults start to lose some of the acoustic and temporal features of their song a few weeks after deafening and that by 16 weeks the learned song is severely degraded (Nordeen and Nordeen, 1992). However, this previous study noted no correlation between the age at deafening and the subsequent timing and extent of song loss. We deafened adult male zebra finches ranging in age from 81 d to 6 years. The song of birds deafened at the younger ages (81-175 d) deteriorated severely after a few weeks, and within that age bracket, the older the bird was at deafening, the longer it took for this degradation to occur and the slower the subsequent process of song deterioration. The song of birds deafened at 2 years and older showed little change during the first 51 weeks after deafening but was grossly altered by 100 weeks. We suggest (1) that this age effect could be independent of experience or (2) that each time a bird sings, a little bit of learning-motor engrainment-occurs, adding to memory duration in a cumulative manner.

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confidence: 68%

Age at Deafening Affects the Stability of Learned Song in Adult Male Zebra Finches

2000

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“…In our deafened birds, syllables only became poorly modulated and noisy over time; repetitions of the same elements or notes within syllables increased and decreased in fundamental frequency. Such deficits are commonly reported in human vocalizations when hearing is impaired and are thought to be indicative of vocal control loss (Waldstein, 1990;Cowie, 1992). Thus, it seems that auditory feedback is also used to maintain stable syllables by continually correcting and refining vocal output to match previous iterations of the same syllable or to match a "memory" of what that syllable should be.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Song Degradation: Implications For Differmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bengalese FinchesLonchura Striata DomesticaDepend upon Auditory Feedback for the Maintenance of Adult Song

1997

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Male birds of age-limited song-learning species develop their full song repertoires in the first year of life. For this type of song learner, once song is stabilized in adulthood, it is highly stereotyped and stable over time. Traditionally, it has been believed that age-limited song learners do not depend on auditory feedback for the maintenance of adult song. A recent report, however, showed that adult song in zebra finches, age-limited learners, does change after long-term deafness. We report here that another species of age-limited learner, Bengalese finches, depends critically on auditory feedback for adult song maintenance. We surgically deafened adult males and recorded song for 12 weeks after surgery. Results show that song degraded significantly within 1 week of surgery and continued to degrade over the next 11 weeks. This represents a more rapid degradation of song than has been seen previously in age-limited species. Song deficits after deafening included a marked decrease in syllable sequence stereotypy, skewed syllable distribution within song bouts, degradation of syllable phonology, and dropped, combined, and new or unrecognizable syllables. Decreased sequence stereotypy and combined syllables appeared within 1 week of deafening and did not worsen over time. Skewed syllable distributions and syllable phonology changes appeared after 1 week and did worsen. Occurrences of dropped and new syllables appeared within 1 week and increased over time. Comparison with other species indicates that much variability exists among species in the extent to which auditory feedback is necessary for song maintenance.

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“…As adults, we can, simply by listening, learn to pronounce new words, or pick up regional accents, sometimes unconsciously. Experimental work has also shown that delayed or otherwise altered auditory speech feedback affects speech articulation (Houde & Jordan, 1998;Yates, 1963), and it is well-known that late onset deafness results in articulatory decline (Waldstein, 1989). Finally, neuropsychological research has shown that damage to left hemisphere auditory regions leads to deficits in speech production (Damasio & Damasio, 1980).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A parietal–temporal sensory–motor integration area for the human vocal tract: Evidence from an fMRI study of skilled musicians

Hickok

2008

Neuropsychologia

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Several sensory-motor integration regions have been identified in parietal cortex, which appear to be organized around motor-effectors (e.g., eyes, hands). We investigated whether a sensory-motor integration area might exist for the human vocal tract. Speech requires extensive sensory-motor integration, as does other abilities such as vocal musical skills. Recent work found a posterior region, area Spt, has both sensory (auditory) and motor response properties (for both speech and tonal stimuli). Brain activity of skilled pianists was measured with fMRI while they listened to a novel melody and either covertly hummed the melody (vocal tract effectors) or covert played the melody on a piano (manual effectors). Activity in area Spt was significantly higher for the covert hum versus covert play condition. A region in the anterior IPS (aIPS) showed the reverse pattern, suggesting its involvement in sensory-manual transformations. This finding suggests that area Spt is a sensorymotor integration area for vocal tract gestures for, at least, speech and music.

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Effects of postlingual deafness on speech production: Implications for the role of auditory feedback

Cited by 176 publications

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Age at Deafening Affects the Stability of Learned Song in Adult Male Zebra Finches

Age at Deafening Affects the Stability of Learned Song in Adult Male Zebra Finches

Bengalese FinchesLonchura Striata DomesticaDepend upon Auditory Feedback for the Maintenance of Adult Song

A parietal–temporal sensory–motor integration area for the human vocal tract: Evidence from an fMRI study of skilled musicians

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