Effects of post-WWII forced displacements on long-term landscape dynamics in the Polish Carpathians

Affek, Andrzej; Wolski, Jacek; Zachwatowicz, Maria; Ostafin, Krzysztof; Radeloff, Volker C.

doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2021.104164

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Chimpanzees kill and die from battlerelated injuries [16], and inter-colony warfare among social insects such as ants and bees can kill tens of thousands [31,36]. Moreover, and in addition to battle-related trauma, intergroup conflict has, across species, been linked to environmental degradation and famine, migration and forced relocation and the spreading of infectious diseases [26,[37][38][39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intergroup conflict: origins, dynamics and consequences across taxa

Dreu

Triki

2022

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Although uniquely destructive and wasteful, intergroup conflict and warfare are not confined to humans. They are seen across a range of group-living species, from social insects, fishes and birds to mammals, including nonhuman primates. With its unique collection of theory, research and review contributions from biology, anthropology and economics, this theme issue provides novel insights into intergroup conflict across taxa. Here, we introduce and organize this theme issue on the origins and consequences of intergroup conflict. We provide a coherent framework by modelling intergroup conflicts as multi-level games of strategy in which individuals within groups cooperate to compete with (individuals in) other groups for scarce resources, such as territory, food, mating opportunities, power and influence. Within this framework, we identify cross-species mechanisms and consequences of (participating in) intergroup conflict. We conclude by highlighting crosscutting innovations in the study of intergroup conflict set forth by individual contributions. These include, among others, insights on how within-group heterogeneities and leadership relate to group conflict, how intergroup conflict shapes social organization and how climate change and environmental degradation transition intergroup relations from peaceful coexistence to violent conflict. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Intergroup conflict across taxa’.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intergroup conflict: origins, dynamics and consequences across taxa

Dreu

Triki

2022

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…Regarding farming conditions, low-yielding and difficult-to-cultivate cropland are at greater CAR (Lemaire et al, 2014;Peng et al, 2024). The terrain's slope and elevation influenced it (Affek et al, 2023;Shao et al, 2015). Croplands with higher slopes and elevations are more costly, more complex to cultivate, and more prone to CA (Li et al, 2018).…”

Section: Assessment Indicators Of Carmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing and mapping cropland abandonment risk in China

Zeng,

Luo,

Chen

et al. 2024

Land Degrad Dev

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Cropland abandonment (CA) in China worsens the human‐land conflict and endangers national food sustainability. Scientifically assessing cropland abandonment risk (CAR) can provide valuable information for early warning and prevention of CA. Despite the extensive literature on the identification, determinants, and consequences of CA, the research on CAR still needs to be improved, especially on a grid scale. Therefore, this study constructed an evaluation indicators system regarding farming conditions, socio‐economic, and patch characteristics and used optimal parametric geographical detector and structural equation modeling to assess the CAR in China from 2010 to 2020. The results show China's CAR decreased from west to east. Very high and high CAR areas were in plateaus and mountains in western China. Medium CAR areas were mainly in central and southeastern China. Very low and low CAR areas were mainly in the Sichuan Basin and eastern plains. In 2010, the high and medium CARs accounted for a larger share of the area, 24.814% and 24.759%, respectively. The area share of very low, low, and very high CAR was 19.294%, 19.501%, and 11.633%, respectively. By 2020, both low and very high CARs increased, while the opposite was true for other grades of CAR. Very high CAR increased most evidently in the Loess Plateau. Although high CAR decreased, 43,327 km2 of medium CAR was converted to high CAR. CAR's centers of gravity in China were located at the junction of the Loess Plateau and the Huang‐Huai‐Hai Plain and have shifted to the northwest by 5445.34 m. The findings will assist stakeholders in developing targeted cropland protection strategies to prevent CA and efficiently allocate resources for agricultural production.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Available spatial data have usually been combined with noncartographic sources, for example, census data (Affek et al, 2021), livestock tax registers (Dahlström, 2008), forestry inventories (Saito et al, 2007), national records of sites and monuments (Millican et al, 2017), ground‐based repeat photography (Dethier et al, 2018; Kaim, 2017) and also memories of the local people (Bürgi et al, 2007). An invaluable complement to the proper identification of remnants of historical landscapes is provided by detailed geomorphic (Kirchner et al, 2020; Latocha, 2015b) and botanical (Latocha et al, 2019; Majewska, 2019) field‐based data and mapping (Wolski, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of LiDAR in reconstructing the pre‐World War II landscapes of abandoned mountain villages in southern Poland

Affek

Wolski

Latocha

et al. 2021

Archaeological Prospection

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The cessation of most human activities resulting from post-World War II expulsions and forced displacements in Central Europe triggered massive land cover transformation in mountainous areas. However, many pre-War traces of past landscapes have survived-imprinted in microtopography-in permanently abandoned villages. Currently, they constitute unique cultural heritage of communities no longer in existence.Our main goal was therefore to reconstruct a lost cultural landscape of mountain villages abandoned after World War II (WWII). The case study area comprised three such villages located in southern Poland, two in the Carpathians and one in the Sudetes. We used the national airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) dataset combined with archival cadastral maps and field survey to detect man-made microtopographic features related to past boundaries, road network, agriculture and buildings and to interpret them in the landscape context. We demonstrated that the pre-War human footprint left in relief was shaped largely by past landownership divisions, land use and environmental constraints (related to lithology, soils and topography). Our secondary goal was to assess the value and application opportunities of LiDAR in reconstructing past landscapes. We showed that 38-70% of non-natural parcel boundaries and 65-79% of roads marked on mid-19th-century cadastral maps are still detectable using LiDAR. Therefore, we argue that the past landscape pattern, originating in late Middle Ages and subsequently transformed prior to WWII, remains well preserved in the relief and that LiDAR is an effective tool to reconstruct a past landscape of mountain villages abandoned after WWII. We also confirmed that customized LiDAR visualizations are more informative than ready-to-use shaded digital elevation models (DEMs), in particular when integrated with cadastral and field-based data. We conclude that the greatest advantage of LiDAR is the capacity to provide a landscape context for isolated traces of past human activity, allowing for the reconstruction of entire spatial patterns and interrelationships developed by past societies.

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Effects of post-WWII forced displacements on long-term landscape dynamics in the Polish Carpathians

Cited by 17 publications

References 39 publications

Intergroup conflict: origins, dynamics and consequences across taxa

Intergroup conflict: origins, dynamics and consequences across taxa

Assessing and mapping cropland abandonment risk in China

The use of LiDAR in reconstructing the pre‐World War II landscapes of abandoned mountain villages in southern Poland

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