Effects of Post Treatments on Bismuth-Doped and Bismuth/ Erbium Co-doped Optical Fibres

Abstract

Bismuth-doped and bismuth/erbium co-doped optical fibres have attracted much attention for their great potential in the photonic applications at ultrawide O, E, S, C and L bands. The effects of post treatments, including various heating, high energy ray radiation, laser radiation and H 2 loading processes, on these fibres' performance, functionality and stability have been experimentally studied. Experimental results demonstrate that these post treatments could allow us to get insights regarding the formation and the structure of bismuth active centre (BAC) and be used to control and regulate the formation of BAC.Keywords: bismuth-doped fibre (BDF), bismuth and erbium co-doped optical fibre (BEDF), bismuth active centre (BAC), broadband, post treatments, thermal treatment, gamma radiation, photo-bleaching, H 2 loading

Broadband L+ near-infrared luminescence in bismuth/germanium co-doped silica glass prepared by the sol–gel method

“…[13][14][15][16] In previous studies, researchers have successfully achieved optical amplification in the wavelength ranges of 1350-1500 nm and 1600-1800 nm by co-doped germanium and bismuth in silica fibers. [17][18][19][20] This advancement holds significance for expanding communication bandwidth through integration with Er 3+ L-band amplification. [20][21][22] The consensus attributes the luminescence observed within these spectral bands to bismuth near-infrared active luminescence centers (BAC), which have been named BAC-Si and BAC-Ge for the respective wavelength range.…”

“…[17][18][19][20] This advancement holds significance for expanding communication bandwidth through integration with Er 3+ L-band amplification. [20][21][22] The consensus attributes the luminescence observed within these spectral bands to bismuth near-infrared active luminescence centers (BAC), which have been named BAC-Si and BAC-Ge for the respective wavelength range. 19,20 Numerous research studies have mainly focused on optical amplification and laser phenomena of Bi-doped silica fiber, or the influence of various factors on them.…”

“…[20][21][22] The consensus attributes the luminescence observed within these spectral bands to bismuth near-infrared active luminescence centers (BAC), which have been named BAC-Si and BAC-Ge for the respective wavelength range. 19,20 Numerous research studies have mainly focused on optical amplification and laser phenomena of Bi-doped silica fiber, or the influence of various factors on them. 18,23,24 Concurrently, significant research efforts have been dedicated to germanium-doped silica glass and fiber.…”

BAC Photobleaching in Bismuth-Doped and Bismuth/Erbium Co-Doped Optical Fibers

“…Based on the previous researches, it was generally accepted that the formation of BACs greatly depends on the material compositions [12,15]. With different doping elements such as aluminum, phosphorus, silicon and germanium in the glass environment, there are four types of BACs in the BDFs, namely BAC associated with aluminum (BAC-Al), BAC associated with phosphorus (BAC-P), BAC associated with silicon (BAC-Si), and BAC associated with germanium (BAC-Ge), respectively [16][17][18][19]. Multiple absorption peaks of these BACs have been observed in BDFs and BEDFs, for example, BAC-Al (510, 700, and 1050 nm), BAC-P (460, 750, and 1300 nm), BAC-Si (420, 830, and 1400 nm), and BAC-Ge (463, 925, and 1600 nm) [17,18].…”