Effects of post exercise protein supplementation on markers of bone turnover in adolescent swimmers

Abstract

Background: This study examined the effects of whey protein supplementation, compared with an isocaloric carbohydrate beverage and water, consumed immediately following an intense swimming trial on bone turnover in adolescent swimmers. Methods: Fifty-eight (31 female, 27 male) swimmers (14.1 ± 0.4 years) were stratified into three groups matched for age, sex and body mass. The protein and carbohydrate groups consumed two isocaloric post-exercise beverages each containing 0.3 g . kg − 1 of whey protein (with~6 mg of calcium) or maltodextrin while the control group consumed water. Participants provided a morning, fasted, resting blood sample, then performed an intense swimming trial consisting of a maximal 200 m swim followed by a high intensity interval swimming protocol (5x100m, 5x50m and 5x25m; 1:1 work-to-rest ratio). Following swimming, they consumed their first respective postexercise beverage, and 2 h later, they performed a second maximal swim immediately followed by the second beverage. Approximately 3 h after the second beverage, two post-consumption blood samples were collected at 8 h and 24 h from baseline. Procollagen type 1 intact N-terminal propeptide (PINP) and carboxy-terminal collagen crosslinks (CTXI) were measured in serum. The multiples of medians of PINP and CTXI were also used to calculate bone turnover rate and balance. Results: No significant changes were observed in PINP. CTXI increased (+ 11%) at 8 h in all groups, but then significantly decreased (− 22%) at 24 h in the protein group only. The protein group also had a significantly higher calculated rate of bone turnover at 8 h and 24 h compared to baseline, which was not observed in the other groups.Conclusions: These results shed light on the potential importance of protein consumed shortly after intense swimming in promoting positive bone turnover responses up to 24 h following exercise in adolescent athletes. Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov PRS; NCT04114045. Registered 1 October 2019 -Retrospectively registered.

Circulating Levels of Bone Markers after Short-Term Intense Training with Increased Dairy Consumption in Adolescent Female Athletes

“…The resting CTX levels seen in this study were lower than previously measured in young adult women [38], as well as in adolescent swimmers [39]. These low levels of CTX could be due to either the younger age of our adolescent female participants or their involvement in a high impact sport.…”

Effects of Post-Exercise Whey Protein Consumption on Recovery Indices in Adolescent Swimmers

“…The study was cleared by the Research Ethics Board of Brock University (REB# 16-279), Canadian Sports Institute of Ontario (REB# 2017-01) and Health Canada’s—Natural and Non-prescription Health Products Directorate (NOA-229774), and has been registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (PRS; NCT04114045). The protocol and some of the measurements were previously described in Theocharidis et al [ 18 ], which presented a parallel analysis of the effect of whey protein consumption on bone markers.…”

Menstrual Cycle Related Fluctuations in Circulating Markers of Bone Metabolism at Rest and in Response to Running in Eumenorrheic Females

“…Thus, we will reference research done outside of the menstrual cycle realm to compare our results to in the context of post-exercise β-CTXΙ response. Previous studies have shown conflicting results when measuring β-CTXΙ concentrations from pre-to postexercise 108,109,106,113,156,147,124 , with many showing significant increases and some showing decreases or no change. An increase or decrease in β-CTXΙ could both be osteogenic, with increases representing an upregulation of bone remodelling and reductions indicating a decrease in osteoclastic activity and reduced bone loss, with more potential for bone formation.…”