Effects of positive and negative affect on electromyographic activity over <i>zygomaticus major</i> and <i>corrugator supercilii</i>

Larsen, Jeff T.; Norris, Catherine J.; Cacioppo, John T.

doi:10.1111/1469-8986.00078

Cited by 683 publications

(716 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The overall pattern shows that activity in corrugator is potentiated by angry expressions and inhibited by happy expressions. These findings match well with earlier findings (Larsen et al, 2003), demonstrating a linear effect of bipolar emotional valence on corrugator (but not on zygomaticus) EMG activity, with corrugator activity being potentiated by unpleasant pictures and inhibited by pleasant pictures.…”

Section: Facial Emg Responses To Dynamic Emotional Facial Expressionssupporting

confidence: 92%

Facial EMG responses to dynamic emotional facial expressions in boys with disruptive behavior disorders

Wied

Boxtel

Zaalberg

et al. 2006

Journal of Psychiatric Research

109

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Based on the assumption that facial mimicry is a key factor in emotional empathy, and clinical observations that children with disruptive behavior disorders (DBD) are weak empathizers, the present study explored whether DBD boys are less facially responsive to facial expressions of emotions than normal controls. Facial electromyographic (EMG) activity in the zygomaticus major and corrugator supercilii muscle regions, and heart rate activity were studied in 22 clinically referred 8-12-year-old DBD boys and 22 age-matched normal controls during exposure to dynamic happy and angry expressions. Dispositional emotional empathy was assessed by a self-report questionnaire for children. The happy and angry facial expressions evoked distinct facial EMG response patterns, with increased zygomaticus muscle activity to happy expressions and increased corrugator muscle activity to angry expressions. The corrugator (but not the zygomaticus) muscle response pattern was less pronounced for DBD boys than the normal controls. Attending to the emotional expressions was associated with equivalent cardiac deceleration in both groups, reflecting a similar orienting/attention response. Lower empathy scores were obtained for DBD boys than for normal controls. In conclusion, facial mimicry responses to angry facial expressions were subnormal in DBD boys, which may be a sign of a deficient early component in the process of emotional empathy, and thus play a role in impaired empathic responding.

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Section: Facial Emg Responses To Dynamic Emotional Facial Expressionssupporting

confidence: 92%

Facial EMG responses to dynamic emotional facial expressions in boys with disruptive behavior disorders

Wied

Boxtel

Zaalberg

et al. 2006

Journal of Psychiatric Research

109

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The effect was most pronounced for the corrugator muscle, which showed significantly more activation during the presentation of angry as opposed to happy expressions, while the zygomaticus showed the opposite pattern of activation without individually achieving significance. The weaker effect for the zygomaticus is consistent with studies that found less pronounced differentiations between positive and negative affect for the zygomaticus than the corrugator muscle (Larsen et al, 2003), while other publications report stronger effects for the zygomaticus (Moody & McIntosh, 2011). Since upper and lower face muscles are partly innervated by different brain regions (Adolphs, 2002), it would Unconscious Emotional Facial Activation 15 be worth investigating if these results indicate that reactivity of these muscles are mediated by different processes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Emotional facial activation induced by unconsciously perceived dynamic facial expressions

Kaiser

Parkhouse

Meeres

et al. 2016

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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Do facial expressions of emotion influence us when not consciously perceived? Methods to investigate this question have typically relied on brief presentation of static images. In contrast, real facial expressions are dynamic and unfold over several seconds. Recent studies demonstrate that gaze contingent crowding (GCC) can block awareness of dynamic expressions while still inducing behavioural priming effects. The current experiment tested for the first time whether dynamic facial expressions presented using this method can induce unconscious facial activation. Videos of dynamic happy and angry expressions were presented outside participants' conscious awareness while EMG measurements captured activation of the zygomaticus major (active when smiling) and the corrugator supercilii (active when frowning). Forced-choice classification of expressions confirmed they were not consciously perceived, while EMG revealed significant differential activation of facial muscles consistent with the expressions presented. This successful demonstration opens new avenues for research examining the unconscious emotional influences of facial expressions.

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“…Omnibus tests in the self-report and behavioral domains used univariate repeatedmeasures analyses of variance (ANOVAs) to permit separate examination of indicator variables for happiness and sadness (e.g., zygomatic vs. corrugator EMG; Larsen et al, 2003). Omnibus tests of the physiological domain used multivariate repeated-measures ANOVAs.…”

Section: Hypothesis Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotion Context Insensitivity in Major Depressive Disorder.

Rottenberg¹,

Gross²,

Gotlib³

2005

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

535

481

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The present study tested 3 competing views of how depression alters emotional reactivity: positive attenuation (reduced positive), negative potentiation (increased negative), and emotion context insensitivity (ECI; reduced positive and negative). Normative and idiographic stimuli that elicited happy, sad, and neutral states were presented to currently depressed, formerly depressed, and healthy control individuals while experiential, behavioral, and autonomic responses were measured. Currently depressed individuals reported less sadness reactivity and less happiness experience across all conditions than did the other participants, and they exhibited a more dysphoric response to idiographic than to normative stimuli. Overall, data provide partial support for the positive attenuation and ECI views. Depression may produce mood-state-dependent changes in emotional reactivity that are most pronounced in emotion experience reports.

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Effects of positive and negative affect on electromyographic activity over zygomaticus major and corrugator supercilii

Cited by 683 publications

References 39 publications

Facial EMG responses to dynamic emotional facial expressions in boys with disruptive behavior disorders

Facial EMG responses to dynamic emotional facial expressions in boys with disruptive behavior disorders

Emotional facial activation induced by unconsciously perceived dynamic facial expressions

Emotion Context Insensitivity in Major Depressive Disorder.

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