Effects of Positive and Negative Social Exchanges with Various Sources on Depressive Symptoms in Younger and Older Adults

Okun, Morris A.; Keith, Verna M.

doi:10.1093/geronb/53b.1.p4

Cited by 231 publications

(264 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Namely, consistent with certain under-explored threads in research on social support and psychological well-being [20,21], the greatest effects on the mental health outcomes were observed in the negative support domain, particularly with regard to suicidal ideation -an especially dangerous manifestation of psychological distress. Specifically, feelings of being exploited, rejected, and emotionally distant from family members played heavily into experiences of depression and suicidal ideation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…Such negative social interactions constitute a distinct dimension of social support, with separate and potentially deleterious impacts on mental health [20][21][22]. Importantly, sustained interpersonal strains tend to be more characteristic of relationships with family than with non-related peers, as friendships high in unsupportive elements are generally less likely to be maintained relative to the more obligatory bonds of family [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perceived Family Support and Depression among People Living with HIV/AIDS in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

Shrestha

Poudel

Poudel‐Tandukar

et al. 2012

J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care

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Background: Depression and suicidal thinking occur frequently alongside HIV/AIDS, triggering profound detrimental impacts on quality of life, treatment adherence, disease progression, and mortality. Yet the psychosocial factors contributing to these psychiatric comorbidities remain underexplored, particularly in the developing country context. This study thus examined different dimensions of perceived family support in relation to depression and suicidal ideation among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Nepal.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived Family Support and Depression among People Living with HIV/AIDS in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

Shrestha

Poudel

Poudel‐Tandukar

et al. 2012

J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care

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“…Additionally, it has been demonstrated that associations between received support and depression were different for young and old individuals depending on the source of support (Okun and Keith 1998). Sources of support in this study were partner, children, and other relatives/friends.…”

Section: Age Differences Of Social Supportmentioning

confidence: 63%

Associations between received social support and positive and negative affect: evidence for age differences from a daily-diary study

et al. 2012

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Recent evidence suggests negative associations between received social support and emotional well-being. So far, these studies mainly focused on younger adults. Quantity and quality of social support changes with age; therefore, this study investigated whether there are age differences regarding the association between received social support and positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA). Moreover, it was tested whether these age effects might be due to a differential effectiveness of different sources of support for younger and older individuals. Forty-two individuals (21 younger adults, aged 21-40 and 21 older adults, aged 61-73) completed 30-daily diaries on their received social support, PA/NA and the sources of support provision. Data were analyzed using multilevel modeling. Results indicated age-related differential effects: for younger individuals, received social support was negatively associated with indicators of emotional well-being, whereas these associations were positive for older respondents. Regarding NA, these effects held when testing lagged predictions and controlling for previous-day affect. No age differences emerged regarding the associations between different sources of support and indicators of affect. Conceptual implications of these age-differential findings are discussed.

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“…Prior investigators have used these items to measure negative interactions (e.g., Krause, 1995;Okabayashi et al, 2004;Okun & Keith, 1998).…”

Section: Variables and Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chinese elderly; social support; negative interactions; mental health; heterogeneity in old age Social relationships have positive ("social support," e.g., emotional and instrumental support) and negative aspects ("negative interactions," e.g., criticism and demand), and both are related to older adults' well-being (Ingersoll-Dayton, Morgan, & Antonucci, 1997;Newsom, Nishishiba, Morgan, & Rook, 2003;Okun & Keith, 1998). However, few studies are based on data from developing nations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social exchanges and subjective well-being among older Chinese: Does age make a difference?

Liang

2007

Psychology and Aging

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We examined the effects of social support and negative interactions on life satisfaction and depressed affect among older Chinese, and age differences in these associations. The sample consisted of 2,943 Chinese elders aged 60 to 94 years old. Structural equation modeling (SEM) results suggest that both social support and negative interactions have significant contributions to life satisfaction and depressed affect. Social support has stronger effects than negative interactions on life satisfaction; their effects on depressed affect are comparable. Further, depressed affect of old-old (70+) Chinese reacts more strongly to both social support and negative interactions than the young-old (60-69). KeywordsChinese elderly; social support; negative interactions; mental health; heterogeneity in old age Social relationships have positive ("social support," e.g., emotional and instrumental support) and negative aspects ("negative interactions," e.g., criticism and demand), and both are related to older adults' well-being (Ingersoll-Dayton, Morgan, & Antonucci, 1997;Newsom, Nishishiba, Morgan, & Rook, 2003;Okun & Keith, 1998). However, few studies are based on data from developing nations. In addition, most previous investigations have treated older people of all ages as homogenous in terms of stage of development, in spite of evidence showing age variation in social relationships and physical and mental health within older persons (Krause, 2005;Nelson & Dannefer, 1992).This study focuses on older adults in China. Similar to many developed nations, the Chinese population is aging rapidly (Kinsella & Velkoff, 2001). Family has been the primary institution for supporting older people in Chinese society. Confucian teaching emphasizes that children should take care of their parents (Leung, 1997). The lack of pensions and formal services in China also leaves many older persons no choice but depend on their families (Gu & Liang, 1994). While the economic reform since 1978 has led to a rapid economic growth, the Chinese government has not increased public support in old age (Hsiao & Liu, 1996;Jackson & Howe, 2004 Relationships between Social Exchanges and Well-BeingControversy exists with regard to the relative importance of positive and negative social exchanges on older persons' well-being. Some suggest that negative exchanges have stronger emotional consequences than positive ones (Newsom et al., 2003;Rook, 1990); others suggest the reverse (Okun & Keith, 1998). Still others show that the effects of positive and negative exchanges are domain-specific in that each contributes to congruent dimensions of well-being, respectively (Ingersoll-Dayton et al., 1997). A meta analysis reports that the relative impact of positive and negative exchanges depends on how social support is measured (Finch, Okun, Pool, & Ruehlman, 1999). While the potency of negative exchanges seems to be larger than that of enacted support, perceived support measures are comparable to negative exchanges in their effects on psychological distress. Mo...

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Effects of Positive and Negative Social Exchanges with Various Sources on Depressive Symptoms in Younger and Older Adults

Cited by 231 publications

References 80 publications

Perceived Family Support and Depression among People Living with HIV/AIDS in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

Perceived Family Support and Depression among People Living with HIV/AIDS in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

Associations between received social support and positive and negative affect: evidence for age differences from a daily-diary study

Social exchanges and subjective well-being among older Chinese: Does age make a difference?

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