Effects of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) Maternal Antibodies on Experimental Infection of Piglets with PCV2

McKeown, N. E.; Opriessnig, Tanja; Thomas, P. John; Guenette, D. K.; Elvinger, François; Fenaux, Martijn; Halbur, Patrick G.; Meng, Xiang‐Jin

doi:10.1128/cdli.12.11.1347-1351.2005

Cited by 79 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Results indicated that high levels of maternal antibodies provided some protection (reduced peak viremia levels) but did not completely prevent infection. In animals with low levels of maternal antibodies, protection was not conferred (11). These results agreed with a study by Ostanello et al which suggested that while maternal antibody levels were related to the development of PCV2-associated disease, they were unable to prevent clinically silent PCV2 infections (19).…”

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confidence: 82%

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Influence of Maternal Antibodies on Efficacy of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) Vaccination To Protect Pigs from Experimental Infection with PCV2

Opriessnig

Patterson

Elsener

et al. 2008

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Due to the ubiquitous nature of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) in the pig population and the increasing use of PCV2 vaccines in breeding herds, the majority of dams have been exposed to field PCV2 or PCV2 vaccines, resulting in piglets with varied levels of passively acquired PCV2 maternal antibodies. The objective of the current research was to investigate the influence of passively acquired anti-PCV2 antibodies on PCV2 vaccine efficacy. Sixty 26-day-old pigs were divided into four groups: vaccinated pigs with no maternal PCV2 antibodies at the time of vaccination (VAC-NEG; n ‫؍‬ 9), vaccinated pigs with maternal PCV2 antibodies at the time of vaccination (VAC-POS; n ‫؍‬ 21), nonvaccinated pigs with no maternal antibodies at the time of challenge (NVAC-CNEG; n ‫؍‬ 15), and nonvaccinated pigs with maternal antibodies at the time of challenge (NVAC-CPOS; n ‫؍‬ 15). Vaccinations and challenges were performed on trial days 0 and 28, respectively, according to group designation. The pigs were monitored for clinical signs of disease daily and weighed weekly, and blood was collected weekly. All pigs were necropsied on trial day 49, and tissues were evaluated for macroscopic and microscopic lesions. Serum was evaluated using PCV2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) and PCV2 IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, quantitative PCV2 PCR, and a serum PCV2 neutralizing antibody test. In comparison to NVAC-CPOS pigs, VAC-POS animals had significantly (P < 0.01) less severe microscopic PCV2-associated lymphoid lesions and significantly (P < 0.04) reduced PCV2 genomic copies in serum following PCV2 challenge. These results indicate that vaccination with Suvaxyn PCV2 One Dose reduces viremia and prevents microscopic lesions associated with PCV2 in the presence of maternal antibodies.

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confidence: 82%

“…In a study by McKeown et al, 12-day-old commercial pigs with various levels of maternal antibodies were infected with a PCV2 infectious clone (11). Results indicated that high levels of maternal antibodies provided some protection (reduced peak viremia levels) but did not completely prevent infection.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Maternal Antibodies on Efficacy of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) Vaccination To Protect Pigs from Experimental Infection with PCV2

Opriessnig

Patterson

Elsener

et al. 2008

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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“…The risk of dying was also dependent on increasing titers against PCV2 from weaning until 4 wk after weaning (Hassing et al, 2003). Furthermore, it has been previously shown that decreased concentrations of passively acquired antibodies do not prevent PCV2 replication (McKeown et al, 2005) and subclinically infected pigs may serve as a continuous source of PCV2.…”

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confidence: 99%

Difference in severity of porcine circovirus type two-induced pathological lesions between Landrace and Pietrain pigs1

Opriessnig

Patterson

Madson

et al. 2009

Journal of Animal Science

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Anecdotal information from the field suggests that there are host genetic differences in susceptibility to porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) associated disease among Landrace and Pietrain breeds. The objective of this study was to determine if a difference exists in PCV2 susceptibility between Landrace and Pi-etrain pigs under experimental conditions. Thirty-nine Landrace pigs and 39 Pietrain pigs were blocked by breed, sire, dam, and litter and randomly divided into the following 4 groups: Landrace noninoculated negative control (Landrace-NEG; n = 13), Pietrain noninoculated negative control (Pietrain-NEG; n = 13), Landrace-PCV2 (n = 26; Landrace), and Pietrain-PCV2 (n = 26; Pietrain). After waning of passively acquired anti-PCV2 antibodies, Landrace-PCV2 and Pietrain-PCV2 groups were inoculated with PCV2 isolate ISU-40895. The Landrace-NEG and Pietrain-NEG groups were housed in a separate room, remained noninoculated, and served as negative controls. All pigs in all groups were necropsied at 21 d post PCV2-inoculation. Onset of seroconversion and concentrations of anti-PCV2-IgM, anti-PCV2-IgG, and anti-PCV2 neutralizing antibodies were similar in Landrace-PCV2 and Pietrain-PCV2 groups. Furthermore, the amount of PCV2 DNA and cytokine concentrations in serum and plasma samples were not different between the 2 PCV2-inoculated groups. The severity of PCV2-associated microscopic lesions was different between Landrace and Pietrain pigs; Landrace-PCV2 pigs had significantly (P < 0.05) more severe lymphoid lesions than the Pietrain-PCV2 pigs. Although the pigs originated from the same farm where their dams were commingled, passively acquired anti-PCV2-antibodies waned in Pietrain pigs by approximately 12 wk of age, whereas the majority of the Landrace pigs remained PCV2 seropositive until 18 wk of age and beyond. The results from this study indicate that a genetic difference exists between these 2 breeds of pigs in susceptibility to PCV2-associated lesions. ABSTRACT: Anecdotal information from the field suggests that there are host genetic differences in susceptibility to porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) associated disease among Landrace and Pietrain breeds. The objective of this study was to determine if a difference exists in PCV2 susceptibility between Landrace and Pietrain pigs under experimental conditions. Thirty-nine Landrace pigs and 39 Pietrain pigs were blocked by breed, sire, dam, and litter and randomly divided into the following 4 groups: Landrace noninoculated negative control (Landrace-NEG; n = 13), Pietrain noninoculated negative control (Pietrain-NEG; n = 13), Landrace-PCV2 (n = 26; Landrace), and Pietrain-PCV2 (n = 26; Pietrain). After waning of passively acquired anti-PCV2 antibodies, Landrace-PCV2 and Pietrain-PCV2 groups were inoculated with PCV2 isolate ISU-40895. The Landrace-NEG and Pietrain-NEG groups were housed in a separate room, remained noninoculated, and served as negative controls. All pigs in all groups were necropsied at 21 d post PCV2-inoculation. Onset of seroconversion and ...

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“…The majority of PCV2 infections (and subsequent PMWS disease symptoms) appear to occur shortly after weaning, when the protective effects of maternal immunity have waned (51,59). The transition from infection with PCV2 (often asymptomatic) to a clinical diagnosis of PMWS is thought to depend on several factors, of which viral load and immune activation (potentially caused by early vaccination or infection with multiple pathogens) appear to be the most significant (35,36,37).…”

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confidence: 99%

Insights into the Evolutionary History of an Emerging Livestock Pathogen: Porcine Circovirus 2

Firth

Charleston

Duffy

et al. 2009

J Virol

226

188

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Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) is the primary etiological agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), one of the most economically important emerging swine diseases worldwide. Virulent PCV2 was first identified following nearly simultaneous outbreaks of PMWS in North America and Europe in the 1990s and has since achieved global distribution. However, the processes responsible for the emergence and spread of PCV2 remain poorly understood. Here, phylogenetic and cophylogenetic inferences were utilized to address key questions on the time scale, processes, and geographic diffusion of emerging PCV2. The results of these analyses suggest that the two genotypes of PCV2 (PCV2a and PCV2b) are likely to have emerged from a common ancestor approximately 100 years ago and have been on independent evolutionary trajectories since that time, despite cocirculating in the same host species and geographic regions. The patterns of geographic movement of PCV2 that we recovered appear to mimic those of the global pig trade and suggest that the movement of asymptomatic animals is likely to have facilitated the rapid spread of virulent PCV2 around the globe. We further estimated the rate of nucleotide substitution for PCV2 to be on the order of 1.2 ؋ 10 ؊3 substitutions/site/year, the highest yet recorded for a single-stranded DNA virus. This high rate of evolution may allow PCV2 to maintain evolutionary dynamics closer to those of single-stranded RNA viruses than to those of double-stranded DNA viruses, further facilitating the rapid emergence of PCV2 worldwide.

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Effects of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) Maternal Antibodies on Experimental Infection of Piglets with PCV2

Cited by 79 publications

References 24 publications

Influence of Maternal Antibodies on Efficacy of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) Vaccination To Protect Pigs from Experimental Infection with PCV2

Influence of Maternal Antibodies on Efficacy of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) Vaccination To Protect Pigs from Experimental Infection with PCV2

Difference in severity of porcine circovirus type two-induced pathological lesions between Landrace and Pietrain pigs1

Insights into the Evolutionary History of an Emerging Livestock Pathogen: Porcine Circovirus 2

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