Effects of population dispersal on regional signaling networks: An example from northern Iroquoia

Hart, John P.; Birch, Jennifer; St-Pierre, Christian Gates

doi:10.1126/sciadv.1700497

Cited by 25 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“…Because they are geometric, these coding schemes are mostly interchangeable. Following our previous work (Hart 2012; Hart, Birch, and Gates St-Pierre 2017; Hart and Engelbrecht 2012, 2017; Hart et al 2016), we used Engelbrecht's (1971, 1996) scheme. Currently, the dataset has codes for 234 sites distributed across Northern Iroquoia.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SNA is a valuable tool for documenting and analyzing social relationships that may be otherwise hidden from view in traditional archaeological analyses (e.g., Collar et al 2015; Knappett 2011, 2014; Mills et al 2015). Previous SNA of Northern Iroquoian pottery decoration has proved valuable for understanding the evolution of Iroquoian ethnic groups (Hart and Engelbrecht 2012), nations (Hart et al 2016), and interaction patterns among such populations (Hart, Birch, and Gates St-Pierre 2017; Hart and Engelbrecht 2017).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Social Networks and Northern Iroquoian Confederacy Dynamics

Birch

Hart²

2017

Am. Antiq.

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The Wendat (Huron) and Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) confederacies of northeastern North America are often presented as functionally equivalent political formations despite their having distinct cultural traits and unique geopolitical and developmental histories. In this article we employ social network analysis of collar decoration on ceramic vessels both to examine organizational differences in the social network that composed each group and to evaluate women's participation in political activities as potters who produced and transmitted social and political signals. The concept of social capital and the dimensions along which it varies are employed to understand variability in network statistics and topologies. Our results indicate that the Wendat confederacy formed a “complete” network characterized by bonding ties of social capital, whereas the Haudenosaunee confederacy was a “coalitional” network characterized by bridging ties. The results suggest that women's signaling networks were integral to how each confederacy functioned and the norms of reciprocity, trust, and information-sharing that defined each political formation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Social Networks and Northern Iroquoian Confederacy Dynamics

Birch

Hart²

2017

Am. Antiq.

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“…22 and 23), on identity and identity politics (e.g., refs. 24 and 25), and on the dynamics of geopolitical and regional interaction (26,27), little in the way of comparative sociopolitical organization has been attempted.…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

The social networks and structural variation of Mississippian sociopolitics in the southeastern United States

Lulewicz

2019

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Network approaches in archaeology offer a promising avenue for facilitating bottom-up, comparative approaches to sociopolitical organization. While recent applications have focused primarily on migration and demographic trends, identity and identity politics, and the dynamics of geopolitical and regional interaction, little in the way of comparative sociopolitical organization has been attempted. In this study, I present an alternative approach to the use of sociotypological models across southern Appalachia. In particular, I demonstrate the value in employing network analyses as a mode of formally and quantitatively comparing the relational structures and organizations of sociopolitical landscapes; in this case, those traditionally characterized as constellations of chiefdoms. By approaching southern Appalachian histories through the relationships upon which social, political, and economic institutions were actually built, I move the study of southeastern political systems beyond the use of models that emphasize the behaviors of elites and the ruling class as inspired by the ethnographic and ethnohistoric records. To these ends, using a robust regional ceramic dataset, I compare network histories and political landscapes for the southern Appalachian region between ca. AD 800 and 1650. The results of these analyses contribute insights to the study of small-scale political organizations by demonstrating that (i) as chiefdoms developed, leaders drew on preexisting social and political conditions; (ii) while networks of chiefly interaction were defined by instability, wider networks of interaction were much more durable; and (iii) quantitative network analyses and qualitative ethnohistoric accounts can articulate with one another to shed light on indigenous political organization.

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“…These processes of settlement aggregation and regional political realignment were part of the formation of very different Wendat and Haudenosaunee confederacy structures beginning in the sixteenth century AD, in present-day Ontario and New York, respectively [5]. In contrast to these processes of political consolidation, Iroquoian villagers living in the St. Lawrence River valley dispersed in the late fifteenth and sixteenth centuries [6,7]. While questions about the “disappearance” of St. Lawrence Iroquoian societies preoccupied archaeologists in the mid-twentieth century [8,9], current theories hold that these populations were absorbed by the aforementioned Iroquoian groups living to the north and south [2,6,7,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An analysis of network brokerage and geographic location in fifteenth-century AD Northern Iroquoia

2019

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Iroquoian villagers living in present-day Jefferson County, New York, at the headwaters of the St. Lawrence River and the east shore of Lake Ontario, played important roles in regional interactions during the fifteenth century AD, as brokers linking populations on the north shore of Lake Ontario with populations in eastern New York. This study employs a social network analysis and least cost path analysis to assess the degree to which geographical location may have facilitated the brokerage positions of site clusters within pan-Iroquoian social networks. The results indicate that location was a significant factor in determining brokerage. In the sixteenth century AD, when Jefferson County was abandoned, measurable increases in social distance between other Iroquoian populations obtained. These results add to our understandings of the dynamic social landscape of fifteenth and sixteenth century AD northern Iroquoia, complementing recent analyses elsewhere of the roles played in regional interaction networks by populations located along geopolitical frontiers.

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Effects of population dispersal on regional signaling networks: An example from northern Iroquoia

Abstract: Social network analyses show St. Lawrence Iroquoians as brokers between nascent Iroquois and Huron confederacies before A.D. 1500.

Cited by 25 publications

References 51 publications

Social Networks and Northern Iroquoian Confederacy Dynamics

Social Networks and Northern Iroquoian Confederacy Dynamics

The social networks and structural variation of Mississippian sociopolitics in the southeastern United States

An analysis of network brokerage and geographic location in fifteenth-century AD Northern Iroquoia

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