Effects of Population Density on the Vegetative Growth of Leafy Reduced‐stature Maize in Short‐season Areas

Begna, Sultan; Hamilton, R. I.; Dwyer, L. M.; Stewart, D. W.; Smith, Donald L.

doi:10.1046/j.1439-037x.1999.00258.x

Cited by 19 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…The yields, shoot architectures and other traits of these leafy hybrids were reported by Modarres et al (1997) and Begna et al (1999). However, the nutrient uptake ability of these new hybrids is not known.…”

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confidence: 64%

Soil phosphorus depletion capacity of arbuscular mycorrhizae formed by maize hybrids

Liu¹,

Hamel²,

Begna³

et al. 2003

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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. 2003. Soil phosphorus depletion capacity of arbuscular mycorrhizae formed by maize hybrids. Can. J. Soil Sci. 83: 337-342. The ability of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi to help their host plant absorb soil P is well known, but little attention has been paid to the effect of AM fungi on soil P depletion capacity. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to assess, under different P levels, the effects of mycorrhizae on extractable soil P and P uptake by maize hybrids with contrasting phenotypes. The experiment had three factors, including two mycorrhizal treatments (mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal), three P fertilizer rates (0, 40, and 80 mg kg -1 ) and three maize hybrids [leafy normal stature (LNS), leafy reduced stature (LRS) and a conventional hybrid, Pioneer 3979 (P3979)]. Extractable soil P was determined after 3, 6 and 9 wk of maize growth. Plant biomass, P concentration and total P content were also determined after 9 wk of growth. Fertilization increased soil extractable P, plant biomass, P concentration in plants and total P uptake. In contrast to P3979, the LNS and LRS hybrids had higher biomass and total P content when mycorrhizal. Mycorrhizae had less influence on soil extractable P than on total P uptake by plants. The absence of P fertilization increased the importance of AM fungi for P uptake, which markedly reduced soil extractable P under AM plants during growth. This effect was strongest for LNS, the most mycorrhizae-dependent hybrid, intermediate for LRS, and not significant for the commercial hybrid P3979, which did not respond to AM inoculation. . Le P extractible du sol a été mesuré après 3, 6 et 9 semaines de croissance du maïs. La biomasse végétale, la concentration en P et le contenu en P des plants furent déterminées après 9 semaines. La fertilisation a augmenté le P extractible du sol, la biomasse végétale, la concentration des plants en P et l'absorption du P. Les hybrids LNS et LRS, contrairement au P3979, avaient une biomasse et un contenu en P plus important lorsqu'ils étaient mycorhizés. Les mycorhizes eurent moins d'influence sur le P extractible du sol que sur l'absorption du P. L'absence de fertilisation phosphatée a augmenté la contribution des CMA à l'absorption du P, ce qui a réduit de façon marquée le niveau de P extractible du sol durant la croissance du maïs. Cet effet fut particulièrement important pour LNS, l'hybride le plus dépendant des mycorhizes, moyen pour LRS et nonsignificatif pour P3979, l'hybride commercial, qui n'a pas répondu à l'inoculation mycorhizienne.

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confidence: 64%

Soil phosphorus depletion capacity of arbuscular mycorrhizae formed by maize hybrids

Liu¹,

Hamel²,

Begna³

et al. 2003

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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“…The LNS and P3979 hybrids are taller and have bigger canopies than LRS. To ensure optimal vegetative growth and yield of the hybrids, LNS, LRS and P3979 were seeded at the optimal rates of 70 000, 90 000 and 70 000 kernel ha -1 , respectively, as determined by Begna et al (1999). Seeding was performed on 22 May in 1997 and on 25 May in 1998.…”

Section: Experimental Design and Cultivation Of Maizementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Genotypes with high MD usually take up more P from soil under conditions of low P availability than those with low MD (Baon et al 1993). For example, a maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid with the leafy trait, called Leafy normal-stature, which was developed at the Plant Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, for short growing season areas (Modarres et al 1997;Begna et al 1999), is a highly mycorrhizae-dependent hybrid that was seen to take up much more P than other hybrids, when mycorrhizal (Liu et al 2000a). Thus, if genotypes differ in their P extraction ability, they may also affect soil available P differently.…”

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Reduction of the available phosphorus pool in field soils growing maize genotypes with extensive mycorrhizal development

Liu¹,

Hamel²,

Elmi³

et al. 2003

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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. 2003. Reduction of the available phosphorus pool in field soils growing maize genotypes with extensive mycorrhizal development. Can. J. Plant Sci. 83: 737-744. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have a large enhancing effect on the P uptake capacity of host plants, which could make possible the production of high crop yields on soil with reduced level of available P, or could help reduce the P level in rich soils, thereby reducing the risk of P loss to the environment. A field experiment was conducted in Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada, on a loamy sand in 1997 and a fine sandy loam in 1998 to assess the impact of indigenous AMF-maize hybrid combinations on soil available P level. The experiment had three factors organized in a split-split plot design. There were two soil fumigation levels (fumigated and non-fumigated) randomized in the main plots, three P fertilizer rates (0, 60, and 120 kg ha -1 ) randomized in the sub-plots and three maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids with contrasting genotypes [two newly developed leafy hybrids, Leafy normal stature (LNS) and Leafy reduced stature (LRS), and a commercial hybrid, Pioneer 3979 (P3979)], which were randomized in the sub-sub-plots. Soil extractable P, plant P content, plant dry mass, root colonization with AMF and extraradical hyphae were determined at the 6-leaf, 10-leaf, tasselling and silking stages of maize, and grain yield and total P in maize were determined at harvest. Soil fumigation to reduce AMF and P fertilization reduced the amount of indigenous mycorrhizal development in maize hybrids. The growth of LNS, the most mycorrhizae-dependent hybrid, was more supressed by fumigation than the growth of the other two hybrids. When the soil P level was low, plant dry mass, grain yield and total P content of LNS were higher in the non-fumigated plots than in the fumigated plots. Fumigation had a significant but smaller influence on soil extractable P level than on plant P uptake and growth. Soil extractable P was lower in non-fumigated plots than in fumigated plots from silking to the end of the growing season in 1997, only in non-fertilized plots growing LNS. Extraradical hyphae density was positively correlated with maize P uptake and negatively correlated with soil extractable P. This suggested that soil extractable P can be reduced through AMF-enhanced plant P uptake when soil available P conditions and host plant genotype are favourable to mycorrhizal development, and when P uptake enhancement is large.Key words: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, maize hybrids, soil extractable P, P uptake, extraradical hyphae, root colonization, mycorrhizal dependency Liu, A., Hamel, C., Elmi, A. A., Zhang, T. et Smith, D. L. 2003. Baisse de la réserve de phosphore disponible dans le sol par la culture de variétés de maïs à fort développement de mycorhizes. Can. J. Plant Sci. 83: 737-744. Les mycorhizes à arbuscules (MA) favorisent considérablement l'absorption de P par la plante hôte, ce qui pourrait conduire à un rendement élevé des cultures sur les terres carencées en P ass...

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“…It is a function of numerous specific traits, such as plant height (PH), ear height (EH), tassel branch number (TBN), tassel main axis length (TMAL), leaf length (LL), leaf width (LW), middle leaf angle (MLA), leaf number above ear (LNAE), leaf number blow ear (LNBE), and ear leaf number (LN), etc. As breeder selection for plant density leads to increased leaf angle, leaf size, and tassel size and angle, these traits have been optimized, allowing light to penetrate into the aboveground canopy with considerable yield advantages (Pepper et al, 1977;Fischer et al, 1987;Begna et al, 1999). All of the aboveground parts of maize plants are derived from the shoot apical meristem (SAM) and its derivative inflorescence meristem.…”

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The Genetic Basis of Plant Architecture in 10 Maize Recombinant Inbred Line Populations

Pan

et al. 2017

Plant Physiol.

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Plant architecture is a key factor affecting planting density and grain yield in maize (Zea mays). However, the genetic mechanisms underlying plant architecture in diverse genetic backgrounds have not been fully addressed. Here, we performed a large-scale phenotyping of 10 plant architecture-related traits and dissected the genetic loci controlling these traits in 10 recombinant inbred line populations derived from 14 diverse genetic backgrounds. Nearly 800 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) with major and minor effects were identified as contributing to the phenotypic variation of plant architecture-related traits. Ninety-two percent of these QTLs were detected in only one population, confirming the diverse genetic backgrounds of the mapping populations and the prevalence of rare alleles in maize. The numbers and effects of QTLs are positively associated with the phenotypic variation in the population, which, in turn, correlates positively with parental phenotypic and genetic variations. A large proportion (38.5%) of QTLs was associated with at least two traits, suggestive of the frequent occurrence of pleiotropic loci or closely linked loci. Key developmental genes, which previously were shown to affect plant architecture in mutant studies, were found to colocalize with many QTLs. Five QTLs were further validated using the segregating populations developed from residual heterozygous lines present in the recombinant inbred line populations. Additionally, one new plant height QTL, qPH3, has been fine-mapped to a 600-kb genomic region where three candidate genes are located. These results provide insights into the genetic mechanisms controlling plant architecture and will benefit the selection of ideal plant architecture in maize breeding.

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Effects of Population Density on the Vegetative Growth of Leafy Reduced‐stature Maize in Short‐season Areas

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

Soil phosphorus depletion capacity of arbuscular mycorrhizae formed by maize hybrids

Soil phosphorus depletion capacity of arbuscular mycorrhizae formed by maize hybrids

Reduction of the available phosphorus pool in field soils growing maize genotypes with extensive mycorrhizal development

The Genetic Basis of Plant Architecture in 10 Maize Recombinant Inbred Line Populations

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