Effects of polyoxymethylene dimethyl ether (PODEn) blended fuel on diesel engine emission: Insight from soot-particle aerosol mass spectrometry and aethalometer measurements

Ma, Mutian; Rivellini, Laura-Hélèna; Kasthuriarachchi, Nethmi; Zhu, Qiren; Zong, Yu; Yu, Wenbin; Yang, Wenming; Kraft, Markus; Lee, Alex K. Y.

doi:10.1016/j.aeaoa.2023.100216

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…The mass spectrum of HOA is clearly dominated by aliphatic hydrocarbon fragments (e.g., C 3 H 5 + /C 3 H 7 + , C 3 H 7 + /C 3 H 9 + , and C 5 H 9 + /C 5 H 11 + ), leading to the highest H:C (2.07) and lowest O:C (0.07) of all the OA factors. The HOA factor is similar to previously reported HOA factors from Pittsburgh (r = 0.98) and Paris (r = 0.96), and resembles direct measurement of OA at the exhaust of a diesel engine (r = 0.87) . The HOA mass spectrum is also similar to an HOA factor from an aerosol chemical speciation monitor that was measured near a highway during winter 2017 in Toronto .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

“…HOA represents 17% of the OA fraction, while Traffic 87 and Paris (r = 0.96), 88 and resembles direct measurement of OA at the exhaust of a diesel engine (r = 0.87). 89 The HOA mass spectrum is also similar to an HOA factor from an aerosol chemical speciation monitor that was measured near a highway during winter 2017 in Toronto. 39 The diurnal variations of HOA are marked by concentrations peaking during the morning rush hour (8−9 am) and in the evening (after 7 pm), coincident with the diurnal variations of NO 2 and eBC.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

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Sources of Wintertime Atmospheric Organic Pollutants in a Large Canadian City: Insights from Particle and Gas Phase Measurements

Rivellini,

Jorga,

Wang

et al. 2024

ACS EST Air

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Although atmospheric organic pollutants have been extensively studied to elucidate summertime urban photochemical air pollution, uncertainties remain concerning the quality of wintertime air in large northern North American cities. Here, we used online mass spectrometric measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and organic aerosol (OA), combined with positive matrix factorization (PMF), to identify sources of organic pollutants in downtown Toronto, Canada during February−March 2023. In some cases, comparable PMF factors were identified for both VOCs and OA, such as from traffic, cooking, and background oxygenated sources. However, VOC PMF yielded additional information, such as a factor associated with human-related emissions of VOCs. Additionally, VOC PMF yields two traffic factors: one likely related to gasoline and one to diesel use. Despite cold and relatively dark conditions, the OA and VOC oxygenated factors both grow in intensity during the daytime, indicative of photochemical activity, whereas the traffic and cooking factors were enhanced in the morning and late evening due to the timing of vehicle use, cooking, and boundary layer effects. This study illustrates the benefits that arise from the parallel source−receptor analyses of organic gases and aerosol particles.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Sources of Wintertime Atmospheric Organic Pollutants in a Large Canadian City: Insights from Particle and Gas Phase Measurements

Rivellini,

Jorga,

Wang

et al. 2024

ACS EST Air

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“…The most abundant organic fragment is CO2 + and the spectrum also shows an enhancement of the C3O2 + ion (m/z 67.99). These ions serve as a marker for oxidized functional groups on the soot surface (Falk et al, 2021;Ma et al, 2023). Elevated C3O2 + and CO2 + signals have also been identified in POA emitted from diesel and gasoline vehicles and in soot particles emitted from wood or fossil fuel combustion (Carbone et al, 2019;Collier et al, 2015;Corbin et al, 2014Corbin et al, , 2015.…”

Section: Source Apportionment Using Ensemble Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The Event Trigger Single Particle mode was used to explore the mixing state of individual ambient particles, as done previously (Lee et al, 2019;Ma et al, 2023;Willis et al, 2019;Ye et al, 2018) individual extractions (single particle events) are identified and saved if the signal at predefined m/z values is above a set threshold. Table S1 shows the three regions of interest (ROIs), consisting of individual or a range of m/z values used to trigger particle events and the corresponding ion thresholds needed at each ROI.…”

Section: Event Trigger Single Particle (Etsp) Data Processing and K-m...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Properties and Single Particle Mixing State of Soot Aerosol in Houston during the TRACER Campaign

Farley,

Lee,

Rivellini

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Abstract. A high-resolution soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SP-AMS) was used to selectively measure refractory black carbon (rBC) and its associated coating material using both the ensemble size-resolved mass spectral mode and the event trigger single particle (ETSP) mode in Houston, Texas in summer 2022. This study was conducted as part of the Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program’s Tracking Aerosol Convection Interactions Experiment (TRACER) field campaign. The study revealed an average (± 1s) rBC concentration of 103 ± 176 ng m-3. Additionally, the coatings on the BC particles were primarily composed of organics (59 %; 219 ± 260 ng m-3) and sulfate (26 %; 94 ± 55 ng m-3). Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis of the ensemble mass spectra of BC-containing particles resolved four distinct types of soot aerosol, including an oxidized organic aerosol (OOABC,PMF) factor associated with processed primary organic aerosol, an inorganic sulfate factor (SO4,BC,PMF), an oxidized rBC factor (O-BCPMF), and a mixed mineral dust/biomass burning aerosol factor with significant contribution from potassium (K-BBBC,PMF). Additionally, K-Means clustering analysis of the single particle mass spectra identified eight different clusters, including soot particles enriched in hydrocarbon like organic aerosol (HOABC,ETSP), sulfate (SO4,BC,ETSP), two types of rBC, OOA (OOABC,ETSP), chloride (ClBC,ETSP) and nitrate (NO3,BC,ETSP). The single particle measurements demonstrate substantial variation in BC coating thickness with coating-to-rBC mass ratios ranging from 0.1 to 100. The mixing state index (χ), which denotes the degree of homogeneity of the soot aerosol, varied from 4 to 94 % with a median of 40 %, indicating that the aerosol population lies in between internal and external mixing but has large temporal and source type variability. In addition, a significant fraction of BC-containing particles, a majority enriched with oxidized organics and sulfate, exhibit sufficiently high κ values and diameters conducive to activation as cloud nuclei under atmospherically relevant supersaturation conditions. This finding bears significance in comprehending the activation of rBC-containing particles as cloud droplets and the origins of CCN in urban areas. Our analysis highlights the complex nature of soot aerosol and underscore the need to comprehend its variability across different environments for accurate assessment of climate change.

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Soot particles formed by n-heptane and n-heptane/oxymethylene ether-3 in an inverse diffusion flame: A comparative analysis of chemical features

Liu,

Zhang,

Wang

et al. 2024

Fuel

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Effects of polyoxymethylene dimethyl ether (PODEn) blended fuel on diesel engine emission: Insight from soot-particle aerosol mass spectrometry and aethalometer measurements

Cited by 4 publications

References 88 publications

Sources of Wintertime Atmospheric Organic Pollutants in a Large Canadian City: Insights from Particle and Gas Phase Measurements

Sources of Wintertime Atmospheric Organic Pollutants in a Large Canadian City: Insights from Particle and Gas Phase Measurements

Chemical Properties and Single Particle Mixing State of Soot Aerosol in Houston during the TRACER Campaign

Soot particles formed by n-heptane and n-heptane/oxymethylene ether-3 in an inverse diffusion flame: A comparative analysis of chemical features

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