Effects of polymeric matrix on accelerated UV weathering properties of wood-plastic composites

Lee, Chia-Huang; Hung, Ke-Chang; Chen, Yonglong; Wu, Tung-Lin; Chien, Yi-Chi; Wu, Jyh‐Horng

doi:10.1515/hf-2011-0198

Cited by 32 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Table 1 shows that the flexural properties of all composites generally decreased as the weathering duration increased. The majority of the flexural D, MOE and MOR changes occurred during the first 500 h. This result was similar to that reported by Stark et al (2004) and Lee et al (2012), who investigated the loss in MOE and MOR for WPC after weathering. Lee et al (2012) noted that polystyrene (PS)-based WPCs exhibited the most severe degradation because there was photo-oxidation on the surface, and the degradation of PEbased WPCs was the mildest.…”

Section: Flexural Propertiessupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The ranges of ∆L* and ∆E* values for TPCs, after weathering, were 0.2-1.8 and 3.0-5.0, respectively. A comparison with changes in ∆L* and ∆E* values for WPC (Lee et al 2012, Fabiyi et al 2008 showed that TPC exhibited better lightening and color stability. Chen et al (2014) reported that delignification samples were marked by even larger increases in both ∆a* and ∆b* values.…”

Section: Color Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, the degradation rates for flexural properties in TPC were lower than the previously reported values for WPC. By referring to a comparison with the changes for MOE, MOR and WPC (Lee et al 2012, Yang et al 2015, TPC had lower strength properties. Table 1 shows that the flexural properties of all composites generally decreased as the weathering duration increased.…”

Section: Flexural Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The use of spectroscopy to determine the properties and evaluation of extruded tea leaf-plastic composites

Chung¹,

Sh²,

Huang³

et al. 2017

JTFS

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This study determined the color change and the physical properties of extruded tea leaf-plastic composite (TPC) after accelerated weathering. The physical properties in TPC were studied using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. TPC experienced both change in color and loss of mechanical properties after weathering. The surface characteristics of TPCs also changed significantly after weathering. Exposure of TPC surfaces to weathering resulted in darkening of the color. The average board density (D), modulus of elasticity (MOE) and the modulus of rupture (MOR), for TPCs without weathering, were significantly larger than those for TPCs with different degrees of weathering. The majority of D, MOE and MOR changes occurred during the first 500 hours. The normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) for TPC without weathering was significantly higher than samples with different durations of weathering. However, there was no significant difference between the values for different exposure times. The NDVI was the most important factor in determining D or MOE. Both the NDVI and the normalised difference lignin index (NDLI) values were used to predict D, using multiple linear regression. The results showed that NIR spectroscopy could potentially be used to determine the properties of tea leaf-plastic composites.

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Section: Flexural Propertiessupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Color Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Flexural Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The use of spectroscopy to determine the properties and evaluation of extruded tea leaf-plastic composites

Chung¹,

Sh²,

Huang³

et al. 2017

JTFS

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“…Polypropylene (PP) is one of the most important commercial thermoplastics. It has good mechanical and thermal properties, and low density and low melting temperature (Son et al 2001;Premalal et al 2002;Yang et al 2004;Bledzki and Faruk 2005;Arbelaiz et al 2006;Ashori and Nourbakhsh 2010;Lee et al 2012). However, there is a phase incompatibility between the hydrophobic PP matrix (low surface energy) and the hydrophilic wood flour (high surface energy) (Maldas and Kokta 1993;Kazayawoko et al 1999;Dominkovics et al 2007), with weak interfacial adhesion between them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wood polypropylene composites prepared by thermally modified fibers at two extrusion speeds: mechanical and viscoelastic properties

Askanian¹,

Verney

Commereuc³

et al. 2014

Holzforschung

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Abstract:Composites have been prepared with polypropylene (PP) as a matrix and pine flours, either thermally treated (W tr ) or not (W), as fillers resulting in wood plastic composites (WPCs). The treatment by retification at 280° mainly elevates the hydrophobicity of wood. The WPCs were fabricated with a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with the screw speeds of 500 and 1200 rpm and specimens were prepared by injection molding. Viscoelastic behavior, tensile test and Charpy impact test of W tr PC were compared with PP and WPC. W tr PC has a better dispersion and highest tensile modulus. As expected, a decrease in elongation at break and impact strength was observed for all composites. Processing at 1200 rpm improved by 60% the Young modulus of the WPC compared to 500 rpm, whereas 500 rpm was enough to obtain the highest modulus for W tr PC.

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“…Usually, a DE* value of 1 or 2 is considered excellent, and a DE* smaller than 3 indicates a colour difference that is not detectable by the human eye (Lee et al 2012), therefore, the results obtained in this study are promising. At present, no requirements concerning DE* for woodplastic composite deckings and sidings have been defined in the relevant DIN EN 15534-4 (2014b) and DIN EN 15534-5 (2014c).…”

Section: Colour Changes After Artificial Weatheringmentioning

confidence: 62%

Effectiveness of organic and inorganic pigments for mass colouration of thermo-mechanical pulp used in wood–plastic composites

2014

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At present, to provide wood-plastic composites (WPC) with colouration and UV-protection, pigments are added in powder form or pre-dispersed in a polymer matrix (masterbatch) during compounding. Usually, the wood particles are not coloured prior to compounding, although this may improve the colour stability of the WPC. In this research project, two types of pigments were used to precolour thermo-mechanical pulp: an aqueous inorganic pigment preparation based on iron oxide and a water-based preparation of organic and inorganic pigments. Pre-coloured fibres were mixed with high-density polyethylene and maleic-anhydride grafted-PE in a kneading mixer and injection-moulded. As a reference, uncoloured fibres were mixed with pigments. Colour stability of the WPC was determined as DE* after 400 h of Xenon weathering. Pretreatment of the fibres alone was not sufficient to improve colour stability of WPC. However, the use of fibres pretreated with inorganic iron oxide pigments in combination with a pigment masterbatch to colour the polymer matrix resulted in a significant reduction of DE* compared to when either pre-coloured fibres only or uncoloured fibres plus pigment were used. The mixture of organic and inorganic pigments was less effective in improving colour stability than the application of inorganic pigments only. Flexural strength and modulus of elasticity of WPC with coloured fibres were slightly reduced compared to WPC with uncoloured fibres. Water uptake was higher for WPC with organic pigments than for WPC with inorganic pigments only. Fibre pre-colouration appears useful to obtain WPC with low colour change as a result of weathering.

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Effects of polymeric matrix on accelerated UV weathering properties of wood-plastic composites

Cited by 32 publications

References 30 publications

The use of spectroscopy to determine the properties and evaluation of extruded tea leaf-plastic composites

The use of spectroscopy to determine the properties and evaluation of extruded tea leaf-plastic composites

Wood polypropylene composites prepared by thermally modified fibers at two extrusion speeds: mechanical and viscoelastic properties

Effectiveness of organic and inorganic pigments for mass colouration of thermo-mechanical pulp used in wood–plastic composites

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