Effects of Polybrominated Biphenyls on Health and Performance of Pregnant Holstein Heifers

Durst, H.I.; Willett, L. B.; Brumm, C.J.; Mercer, H. Dwight

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(77)84025-3

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Pregnant heifers in experimental groups that were exposed to 0.0, 0.25, and 250 mg FireMaster/daily for 60 days did not exhibit signs of toxicosis (6). Intake of dry matter and body weight significantly increased for the three groups.…”

Section: Exposures Which Did Not Elicit a Toxic Responsementioning

confidence: 79%

“…Table 1 lists the animals involved in the various experiments, the daily and total amount of FireMaster received, and the duration of the experiment. Specific details of procedures and animals for experiments 1, 2, 3, (5); 4 (6); and 7 (7) have been reported previously.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Feed intake and body weight measurements were recorded, along with frequent clinical evaluations performed by a veterinarian. Clinical evaluations included the grading of general health and eight reported clinical signs of PBB toxicosis (2) on a 1-10 scale, plus measurement of heart rate, respiration rate, and body temperature (6). In addition, blood and urine were collected for clinicopathologic determinations.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of PBBs on Cattle. I. Clinical Evaluations and Clinical Chemistry

Durst¹,

Willett²,

Schanbacher³

et al. 1978

Environmental Health Perspectives

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Toxicosis was induced in pregnant heifers by feeding 25,000 mg/head/day of FireMaster BP-6, a commercial blend of polybrominated biphenyls (PBB). The PBB feeding decreased dry matter intake approximately 50% by 4 days exposure. Emaciated animals became anorexic a few days prior to death at 33 to 66 days. Weight losses of heifers averaged 80 kg. Other clinical signs observed were dehydration, diarrhea, excessive salivation and lacrimation, fetal death, abortion, and general depression as evidenced by depressed heart and respiratory rates. Clinical signs were apparent after 10 days exposure and progressively intensified along with loss of condition until death. Clinicopathologic changes included significantly increased serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and decreased serum calcium by 30 days exposure. Lactate dehydrogenase, urea nitrogen, and bilirubin were elevated, and serum albumin decreased by 36 to 40 days. Principal urine changes were decreased speciflc gravity and moderate proteinuria. Pregnant heifers fed 0.25 or 250 mg/head/day for 60 days and nonpregnant heifers fed 250 mg/head/day for 180 days displayed neither clinical signs nor clinicopathologic changes indicating adverse effects from PBB exposure. Post-exposure, all heifers exposed to PBB for 60 days calved normally with zero calf mortality and were successfully rebred. Milk production was not different from control animals. Birth weights of calves from dams exposed to 250 mg PBB/head/day were significantly greater than calves of dams exposed to 0 mg or 0.25 mg/head/day. PBB exposure of dams produced no detrimental effects on calves as indicated by clinical signs, clinicopathologic changes, or performance.

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Section: Exposures Which Did Not Elicit a Toxic Responsementioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of PBBs on Cattle. I. Clinical Evaluations and Clinical Chemistry

Durst¹,

Willett²,

Schanbacher³

et al. 1978

Environmental Health Perspectives

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“…Surprisingly high concentrations of PBB can be accumulated in tissues of cows without apparent signs of toxicity (10,14,20). Claims that PBB causes toxic responses and death among dairy animals environmentally contaminated with trace levels of the compound must be seriously questioned, as we still have healthy animals on experiment with PBB concentrations up to and exceeding 30 ppm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This figure clearly shows the biomagnification or concentration of residues in fatty tissues of animals in contact with very small amounts of PBB. moribund, and were necropsied with 33 to 66 days (10,14). Concentrations of HBB3 in subcutaneous fat from these animals ranged from 1100 to 6000 ppm.…”

Section: Pbb Concentrations In Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of PBBs on cattle. IV. Distribution and clearance of components of firemaster BP-6.

Willett¹,

Durst²

1978

Environ Health Perspect

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Sixty dairy animals were utilized in seven experiments to determine aspects of the distribution and clearance of FireMaster BP-6. Experimental protocols of various studies provided daily exposures from 0.25 to 25,000 mg, exposures for I to 202 days, and total study periods from 10 to 1100 days. Necropsy of 28 animals provided information on residue concentrations in 35 tissues, and the excretion in milk was determined in 15 animals. These studies showed that the major brominated biphenyls of this commercial mixture were absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and appeared in the blood plasma within 4 hr. With continued exposure to the residue plasma concentrations reached a steady state by 15 days. Free PBB was not detectable in urine. During PBB feeding feces was the major route of excretion, representing approximately 50%o of the amount fed to animals not displaying signs of toxicosis. Following withdrawal of PBB, fecal concentrations declined to 1 to 2% of concentrations during dosing, yet, feces remained the major excretory route in nonlactating animals. In contrast, in post-exposure lactating animals milk fat became an important excretory route removing three-times the quantity of residue cleared in feces. Following parturition, concentrations of PBB in milk fat declined approximately twofold in 6 days. Thereafter, the residue concentration in milk fat was approximately 0.4 that in depot fats. PBB had a predilection for lipid tissues with similar concentrations in various depot fats. Concentrations of the residue were notably low in tissues of the nervous system despite the high content of lipid material. Liver contained residue concentrations that were disproportionately high when compared to the lipid content of the organ. Calves born to PBB-exposed cows had similar distribution of residues in body tissues although concentrations were less than those of the dam.

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Health and productivity of dairy cows fed polychlorinated biphenyls*1

Willett¹

1987

Fundamental and Applied Toxicology

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Effects of Polybrominated Biphenyls on Health and Performance of Pregnant Holstein Heifers

Cited by 13 publications

References 2 publications

Effects of PBBs on Cattle. I. Clinical Evaluations and Clinical Chemistry

Effects of PBBs on Cattle. I. Clinical Evaluations and Clinical Chemistry

Effects of PBBs on cattle. IV. Distribution and clearance of components of firemaster BP-6.

Health and productivity of dairy cows fed polychlorinated biphenyls*1

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